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Two- and Three- Dimensional
Figures
Two-Dimensional Shapes
Characteristics: flat, two dimensions (length & width)
Examples:
Three-Dimensional Solids
Characteristics: three dimensions (length, width, & height)
Examples:
Two-Dimensional Shapes
Identify by the number of vertices and the number of sides.
vertex
side
vertices (vertex): corner where the sides meet
sides: line segments that connect end-to-end
circle
0 sides
triangle
3 sides
quadrilateral pentagon
4 sides
5 sides
hexagon
6 sides
octagon
8 sides
Which figure has 5 vertices?
Which has a greater number of sides, a quadrilateral or a hexagon?
Which figure has the fewest number of vertices, an octagon or a triangle?
Two-Dimensional Shapes
Identify by the number of vertices and the number of sides.
vertex
side
vertices (vertex): corner where the sides meet
sides: line segments that connect end-to-end
circle
0 sides
triangle
3 sides
quadrilateral pentagon
4 sides
5 sides
hexagon
6 sides
octagon
8 sides
Which figure has 5 vertices? pentagon
Which has a greater number of sides, a quadrilateral or a hexagon? hexagon
Which figure has the fewest number of vertices, an octagon or a triangle?
triangle
Special Triangles
equilateral
isosceles
scalene
3 equal sides
at least 2 equal sides
0 equal sides
How are scalene and equilateral triangles alike?
How are isosceles triangles and equilateral triangles different?
Special Triangles
equilateral
isosceles
scalene
3 equal sides
at least 2 equal sides
0 equal sides
How are scalene and equilateral triangles alike?
Both have 3 sides and 3 vertices, so they are both triangles.
How are isosceles triangles and equilateral triangles different?
An isosceles triangle can have a right angle, but an equilateral triangle cannot.
An isosceles triangle has 2 equal sides, but an equilateral triangle has 3 equal
sides.
Special Quadrilaterals
parallelogram
rectangle
rhombus
square
trapezoid
2 pairs of
parallel sides
2 pairs of
parallel sides;
4 right angles
2 pairs of
parallel sides;
4 equal sides
2 pairs of
parallel sides;
4 right angles;
4 equal sides
1 pair of
parallel sides
How are rectangles and squares alike?
How are rectangles and trapezoids different?
Special Quadrilaterals
parallelogram
rectangle
rhombus
square
trapezoid
2 pairs of
parallel sides
2 pairs of
parallel sides;
4 right angles
2 pairs of
parallel sides;
4 equal sides
2 pairs of
parallel sides;
4 right angles;
4 equal sides
1 pair of
parallel sides
How are rectangles and squares alike?
Both have 4 sides, 2 pairs of parallel sides, and 4 right angles.
How are rectangles and trapezoids different?
A rectangle has 2 pairs of parallel sides, while a trapezoid has only 1
pair.
Three-Dimensional Solids
face
Identify by faces, edges, and vertices.
vertex
edge
cube
6 square faces
cone
circular base
prism
2 congruent bases
(any polygon);
parallelogram faces
cylinder
2 circular bases connected
by a curved surface
pyramid
1 base (any
polygon); triangular
faces meet at vertex
sphere
has a perfectly round,
curved surface
Which solid shown above has 5 vertices and 8 edges?
Which solid has no faces, no edges, and no vertices?
How are cones and cylinders alike?
Three-Dimensional Solids
face
Identify by faces, edges, and vertices.
vertex
edge
cube
6 square faces
cone
circular base
prism
2 congruent bases
(any polygon);
parallelogram faces
cylinder
2 circular bases connected
by a curved surface
pyramid
1 base (any
polygon); triangular
faces meet at vertex
sphere
has a perfectly round,
curved surface
Which solid shown above has 5 vertices and 8 edges? pyramid
Which solid has no faces, no edges, and no vertices? sphere
How are cones and cylinders alike? both have circular bases
Choose 2 two-dimensional shapes and 2 three-dimensional solids.
Describe each object.
Explain how the objects are alike and different.
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