Download lab practical review 3

PRACTICAL #3 - NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neuron:
Cell body/Soma
Axon
Dendrites
Axon terminal
Synaptic End bulbs
Nodes of Ranvier
Myelin sheath
Schwann cell
Neurilemma
Endoneurium
Spinal cord:
Meninges and spaces
Gray horns – anterior, lateral and posterior
White columns - anterior, lateral and posterior
Epidural, subdural and subarachnoid spaces
Dorsal root, ganglion & ramus
Ventral root, ventral ramus
Gray commissure
Central canal
Rami communicantes
Denticulate ligaments
Cauda equinae
Filium terminale
Brain:
Cerebrum – cortex, lobes, sulcus, gyrus, longitudinal fissure, central sulcus, lateral cerebral sulcus, precentral
gyrus, postcentral gyrus, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle,
corpus callosum, septum pellucidum, fornix
anterior and posterior commissures
choroid plexus within 3rd ventricle
Pineal body/epithalamus
Basal Ganglia –globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen, insula
Brain Stem – components (medulla, pons, midbrain)
-cerebral peduncles
-superior and inferior colliculus
Cerebellum – left and right hemispheres, vermis
Diencephalon - Thalamus, hypothalamus
Mamillary bodies
12 cranial nerves and their locations & corresponding numbers
Meninges and spaces (see spinal cord)
Nerves through foramina:
Incisive F. – nasopalatine nerve
Cribriform plate – olfactory nerves (I)
Optic canal – optic nerve (II)
Superior orbital fissure – oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves (III, IV, VI), V1 branch of trigeminal
(ophthalmic nerve)
F. rotundum – V2 branch of trigeminal (maxillary nerve)
F. Ovale and Spinosum – V3 branch of trigeminal (mandibular nerve)
F. lacerum – greater petrosal nerve
Greater palatine F. – greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine F. – lesser palatine nerve
Stylomastoid F. – facial nerve (VII)
Internal acoustic meatus – facial and acoustic nerves (VII, VIII)
Jugular F. – glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerves (IX, X, XI)
Hypoglossal canal – hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Foramen magnum – medulla oblongata
Mental F. – mental nerve
Mandibular canal – inferior alveolar nerve
Peripheral Nervous System
Cervical plexus – what spinal nerves?
Brachial plexus – what spinal nerves?
Lumbar plexus – what spinal nerves?
Sacral plexus – what spinal nerves?
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve (arm models)
Superior trunk of Brachial Plexus
Medial trunk of Brachial Plexus
Inferior trunk of Brachial Plexus
Ilioinguinal nerve
Femoral nerve
Saphaneous nerve
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve
Obturator nerve (big leg model)
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Sciatic Nerve
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Deep peroneal and superficial peroneal nerves
Sural nerve
Thoracic (intercostal) nerves
PRACTICAL #3 - SENSES
Nose
Superior, inferior and medial nasal conchae
Nasal meatuses
Olfactory nerves/tracts and bulbs
Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
Mouth
Regions of taste buds on the tongue
Eye
Eyelids or palpebrae – superior and inferior palpebra
Palpebral fissure, lateral commisure (canthus) & medial commisure (canthus), lacrimal caruncle
Eye muscles – superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
Anterior and posterior chambers & cavities of the eyeball
Three tunics of the eye – vascular, fibrous, nervous
Fibrous layer – sclera, cornea
Vascular layer - choroid, ciliary bodies, suspensory ligaments, iris, pupil,
Nervous layer/Retina – optic disc, macula lutea, fovea centralis, ora serrata
Ear
Outer ear – auricle/ pinna, lobule, external acoustic meatus, external acoustic canal
Middle ear – tympanic membrane, malleus, incus and stapes, auditory/Eustachian tube
Inner ear – Cochlea, vestibule with utricle & saccule, semicircular canals, ampullae, round window, oval
window, scala tympani, scala vestibuli, scala media (cochlear duct)
spiral organ (Organ of Corti), tectorial membrane, basilar membrane
vestibular membrane