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Directions: As you view the first
section of the slide show you must
fill out the student comparison
sheet in order to answer the
questions.
1. Comparison One: How do the
two regions compare politically?
2. Compare Shotoku Taishi and
Charlemagne.
Yamato Period
Japan
Yamato Period: 300 A.C.E.710 A.C.E.
Began promoting adoption of
Chinese culture:





Confucianism
Language (characters)
Buddhist sects
Chinese art & architecture
Government structure
Prince Shotoku Taishi
Prince Shotoku Taishi : 573-621
 Adopted Chinese culture and
Confucianism
 Buddhist sects allowed to develop.
He is considered the father of Buddhism
in Japan
 Created new government structure:
17 Article Constitution
Highly Confucian and focused on morals to be
expected of government officials and
subjects.
Emperor ruled with absolute authority and
was considered divine.
Europe in the
th
6
century
Charlemagne: 742 to 814 A.C.
Europe
Charlemagne: 742 – 814 A.C.E.
Holy Roman Empire
Created an imperial bureaucracy
Standardized weights and
measures
Imperial Ruler (Absolute Authority)
Empire
Pope Crowned Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25,
800. This firmly tied the
Role of
Emperor to
The will of
God.
Charlemagne’s Empire
Charlemagne’s Empire
Collapses: Treaty of Verdun
843
Divided the
Empire between
Charlemagne’s
sons. Ending the
3 year long
Carolingian War.
Europe: England: Magna
Carta, 1215  King John I of
England
 Forced to sign the
“Great Charter”
-monarchs were not
above the law.
- kings had to
consult a council of
advisors.
Compare to the Japanese
constitution of Prince Shotoku
 -kings could not tax
arbitrarily.
Comparison Two: Religion
and Religious Institutions
Compare the ways Buddhism
spread in China and the ways
Christianity spread in Europe.
Compare the roles of monks
and monasteries in the two
religions.
Japan
Zen Buddhism
Japanese variation of Buddhism
Came from India through China
 Reinforced Bushido values of mental and selfdiscipline
Buddhist monasteries became very wealthy
Buddhist Missionaries converted many peoples through
miracle working.
Conversion was never forced.
Monasteries were centers of learning, charity, and
protection for the poor.
East Asian Buddhism (Open Land and Zen Buddhism)
promised Salvation for its followers
The Medieval Catholic Church
Monasticism:
- Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience were
enforced for monks.
-Provided schools for the children of the upper class.
- Served as inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
-Maintained libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate
manuscripts.
-monks became missionaries to the barbarians and many
conversions came about due to miracles performed
-Conversion was both voluntary and forced depending on the
region.
-Christianity was brought to Europe from the Fertile Crescent
-Christianity promised salvation for its followers
Social and Political:
Compare the Japanese Heian
Period with the High Middle Ages
leading to the Renaissance in
Europe
Heian Period: 794-1156
 Growth of large landed estates
 Arts & literature of China flourished
 Elaborate court life [highly refined]
 Personal diaries
The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon [10th
century] A story of court life.
 First novel
The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu
[1000 pgs.+]
 Moving away from Chinese models in
religion, arts, and government and
becoming more uniquely Japanese
Heian Period:
Cultural Borrowing
1.Chinese writing
2.Chinese artistic styles
3.Buddhism [Zen]
4.BUT, not Chinese civil service
system!
Japan: Heian Period
-Women have many rights and
freedoms
-Court life is highly refined
-Poetry and art flourish
-Shoguns take real power over
government
-Economy based on agriculture
and land ownership
Heian Court Dress
The Pillow Book
by Sei Shonagon (diary)
Lady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese
script known as kana, while men wrote
with Chinese characters, kanji.
Minamoto Yoritomo
Founded the
Kamakura Shogunate:
1185-1333
Led a warrior coalition of
Samurai to victory over
Japan. Allowed the emperor
to remain in Kyoto and to
continue to reign as the
symbolic head of state.
Japan is now effectively
ruled by its warrior class.
This system would last for
the next seven centuries.
Ashikaga Age:
1338-1573
► Shoguns fought for power
 Laws are unclear
 Less efficient than Kamakura
 Armies of samurai protected
the country
Europe:
Medieval Manor: Medieval
Economic System is based
on agriculture
Europe: Medieval Trade
Europe: Medieval
Universities
Medieval Guilds
Guild
Hall
Created commercial
Monopolies:

Guilds Controlled membership
apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
 -Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
 -Controlled prices
 -Stimulated new urban economies as opposed to
the manorialism
C
A
S
T
L
E
S
Social Structure: Compare
Japanese Feudal Structure to
European Feudal Structure
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Japan:
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Samurai
Peasant
Daimyo
Loyalty
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasant
Loyalty
Samurai
Peasant
Food
Peasant
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based
on loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service.
Europe
King
Land - Fief
Land - Fief
Protection
Knight
Peasant
Lord
Loyalty
Lord
Knight
Peasant
Loyalty
Knight
Peasant
Food
Peasant
The emperor
reigned, but did
not always rule!
Feudal
Society
Medieval Warriors
vs.
Knight’s Armor
Samurai Armor
Medieval Warriors
vs.
European knight
Samurai Warrior
Warwick Castle, England
Japan: Main Gate of
Hiroshima Castle
Caernorfon Castle,
Wales
Osaka Castle
Europe: Parts of Medieval
Castle
Europe: Chivalry: A Code of
Honor and Behavior
Europe: Code of Chivalry
* Justice
* Loyalty
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility
Japan: Code of Bushido
* Fidelity
* Politeness
* Virility
* Simplicity
Warfare: Contrast the invasions
of Japan by the Chinese
Mongols with the attacks of the
Europeans on the Fertile
Crescent
Pope Urban II:
Preaching a Crusade against
the Muslims
Christians were to
retake Jerusalem
from the Muslims.
The reason given
was to protect
Christian holy
places from
Muslim
destruction after a
fire was set in the
Church of the
Holy Sepulcher.
Christian Crusades: East and West:
Christians gained
Control of the Fertile
Crescent
1st
crusade
captured
Jerusalem
1099
Muslims
got it back
in 1187
Mongol
“Invasions”
of Japan
Kublai Khan (the Mongol ruler of China) sent
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze
winds stopped them. China failed to take Japan
both times it tried under the Mongol Yuan
Dynasty
Second Mongol invasion of
Japan: 1281 A.C.E.
Compare and Contrast Essay
Assignment:
Compare and Contrast European
and Japanese Societies during
the post-classical period.