Download Chapter 6 - India and SouthEast Asia

India and SouthEast Asia
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What geographic
zones would you
break India into?
The Hindu Caste System
Ashoka 272-232 BCE
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Last of the great
Mauryan Emperors
Aggressive, cruel
conqueror in early life
After the bloody
conquest of Kalinga,
Ashoka converted to
Buddhism
What might account for the
emergence of human images of
the Buddha?
The elongated earlobes remind the
viewers that, earlier in his life the
prince Siddhartha had worn heavy
and luxurious earrings. What does
their absence suggest about
his transformation as the
Buddha?
What elements of Buddhists
imagery can you identify in
this statue?
How does this Buddha image differ from the other Buddhas?
Why might this image be appealing to some Buddhists, and why
might others take exception to it?
B. The Vedic Age, 1500 – 500 BCE
Brahmin (mouth)
Kshatriya (arms)
Vaishya (thighs)
Shudra (feet)
Untouchables
Comparison: The classical empires formed
between 500 b.c.e. and 500 c.e. differed from
earlier First Civilizations in all EXCEPT which
of the following ways?
a. Classical empires were in general larger than First
Civilizations.
b. Classical empires possessed professionally organized
armies, which allowed them to rule in part through
coercion of conquered peoples.
c. Classical empires were rarely ruled by monarchs.
d. Classical empires in general possessed more elaborate
means of administering the empire than First
Civilizations.
Comparison: Which of the following is a
reason why classical empires did not prosper
to the same extent in India as elsewhere?
a. The chronic economic underdevelopment of
India
b. India’s lack of cultural diversity
c. The lack of political leaders intent on conquest
d. The social structure of India
I. Foundations of Indian Civilization
A.
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The Indian Subcontinent
Monsoon – Indian
Ocean
Multiple harvests per
year
Indus Valley – arid,
needs irrigation
Trade with Arabia –
Indonesia
Indus River Valley
Civilization fell 1900
BCE, writing, cause of
fall?
What impact did the
Aryan invasions
starting in the 1600s
have on the Indian
subcontinent?
 Compare and contrast
the Indian caste
system with the use
of slavery in Greece
and Rome.
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C. Challenges to the Old Order:
Jainism and Buddhism
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700 BCE – spiritual opposition
Moksha, Upanishads
Jainism (Mahavira)
Siddhartha Guatama (563 –
483 BCE)
Four Noble Truths
Eightfold Path
LIVE IN MODERATION
Nirvana – release
Later – hierarchy, institutions
Buddha/Bodhisatvas
Influence of Greeks on
depictions
Mahayana (Great Vehicle)
Theravada (Teachings of the
Elders)
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Explain WHY Buddhism rose and declined in
India.
D. The Rise of Hinduism
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4th c. CE - Vedic tradition
adjusted (north and south)
Gods/worshippers
Vishnu
Shiva
Devi
Diversity – unity
Temples, puja, pilgrimage,
festivals
Impact of class on worship
New expectations of
life/duties
Inclusion of
Buddhism/Jainism
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Compare and contrast the impact that Buddhism
and Hinduism had on the individual worshipper.
II. Imperial Expansion and
Collapse, 324 BCE – 650 CE
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A.
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Difficulty in obtaining
POLITICAL unity
The Mauryan Empire, 324 –
184 BCE
600 BCE - Many kingdoms
Magadha most powerful,
Ganges plain
Chandragupta
Arthashastra
Administration (taxes,
governors, army, mines,
urban committees)
Pataliputra
Ashoka – Buddhism,
nonviolence, religious
tolerance
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Why was the Mauryan Empire the first to
achieve political unity in India?
B. Commerce and Culture in an Era
of Political Fragmentation
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Foreign powers: Greco –
Bacrian, Shakas, Kushans
Political fragmentation BUT
active commerce/trade
Ramayana and Mahabharata
(Bhagavad – Gita)
Tension: duty to society vs.
soul
Disciplined action – service –
release from reincarnation
Indian doctors
Linguistics – Sanskrit
Andhra Dynasty/Three Tamil
Kingdoms
Classical Period (arts)
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How does the Bhagavad – Gita
demonstrate the impact that Buddhism
had on Vedic traditions?
C. The Gupta Empire, 320 – 550 CE
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Modeled on Mauryans
Chandra Gupta (r. 320 – 325)
– control over commerce,
resources, monopolies
Subjects – labor
Bureaucracy in CORE,
governors exploited periphery,
army ensured tribute
“Theater – state” – benefits of
empire
Mathematics, sciences
Women: property, education,
marriage, sati
Options: nun or courtesan
Monarchs: Hindus
Resurgence: Vedic practices,
Brahmin priests, class and
caste, temples
Commerce
Collapse - Huns
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Does the “theater – state” model entirely explain
how the Gupta Empire was able to control a vast
array of kingdoms under its rule? Explain why or
why not.
III. Southeast Asia, 50 – 600 CE
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Geographical Areas
Climate, agricultural practices,
products
Malay peoples (3000 BCE) –
migration, navigational skills
Rainforests, bronze, water
(councils)
Chinese control: N. Indochina
Commerce and Hindu –
Buddhist Culture
New trade route – silk
Route: South China Sea –
Malay Peninsula – Bay of
Bengal - India
Later goods: woods, spices,
etc.
II. Continued…
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Commerce brought
culture
Missionaries, pilgrims
Indian
knowledge/arts
Funan (1st – 6th c. CE)
Economic center:
agriculture and trade
Strategic location
Decline
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Compare and contrast the cores of Pataliputra
and Funan.