Download Lithosphere & Forces Affecting it

Agenda 10-26-12
Grade Video Sheets
Go Over Packet
Forces Affecting Lithosphere Sheets
Lithosphere & Forces
Affecting it
 Plate Tectonics
Mountain building
Seafloor Spreading & Rift Valleys
Earthquakes & Tsunamis
Volcanoes
 Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition
 Soil Building Processes
 Landforms
Mountain Building
 2 types:
 Continental vs Continental:
Himalayas (both plates
pushing upwards, large
mountains)
 Continental vs. Oceanic:
Andes (Oceanic pushed
under Continental, creates
mountains not as tall as
CvC
Seafloor Spreading & Rift Valleys
 SS: tectonic plates moving
apart in middle of Atlantic
Ocean. Magma creating
underwater mountain
ranges along rift.
 RV: Spreading over
continental crust between
two plates, slowly tears
land apart.
Earthquakes
 Faults- pressure point
between plates.
 When faults move
create seismic waves
(aka earthquakes).
 Measure the waves
with a seismograph.
Tsunami
 Devastating waves
created when
earthquakes occur
underwater or near a
coast.
Volcanoes
 Magma pockets that
break through the crust
create volcanoes.
 Magma is called lava
after it reaches the earth’s
surface.
 Volcanoes mostly form
near or on fault lines.
Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition
 Weathering- wearing down of rocks by
wind, water, ice, & living things.
 Erosion- the carrying away of rock, sand,
and soil by means of wind, water (Grand
Canyon), or ice (glacier).
 Deposition- the depositing of materials
carried away by erosion. Typically at the
mouths of rivers.
Soil Building Processes
 Soil- Soil is therefore a mixture
of several materials, including
sand, clay, rocks, water, fungi,
bacteria, and decayed plants
and animal material.
 There are many different types
of soil, based on different
mixtures of its basic
ingredients.
 Each type of soil has its own
texture, ability to hold water,
and ability to support plant life.
 The type of soil found in an
area greatly affects the types of
plant life that can grow there.
 Mountains, often
formed by the
collision of tectonic
plates, can be
thousands of feet
high in elevation.
 A plateau is a flat
highland, whose
sides drop suddenly
because of erosion .
 Valleys are long, low
areas between ranges
of mountains, hills or
uplands. They are often
created by erosion, and
may have a river or
stream running along
the bottom.
 A canyon is a deep
gorge or ravine
between cliffs, often
carved from the
landscape by a river.