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History of Marine Science
By Emily Silliker
Henry Bryant Bigelow
Henry Bigelow was an ocean researcher whose investigations in
the early parts of the 20th century was later recognized as the
foundation of modern oceanography. Many of his expeditions
were in the Gulf of Maine where he collected water samples and
studied various fish.
In his earlier years he grew up in Boston, spent his Summers on
Cape Cod and immediately had an interest for nature. He grew
up in a family that was always well off, and he attended different
private school’s. He was accepted into Harvard in 1897, and didn’t
like college and did not make very many friend’s. He did excell in
natural history though and graduated in 1901.
In 1974, Bigelow Laboratories was founded, which is an
independent, non-profit organization, which focus’ on several
ocean’s from around the world.
Mariana Trench
• Mariana Trench is located in the Pacific
ocean, near Japan.
• It is known as the deepest ocean trench,
and measures at about 35, 838 feet.
• It was first discovered by a British survey
ship, the Challenger II, in 1951.
• It is said that if you were to take Mount
Everest and set it in the Mariana Trench,
there would still be over a mile of water
over top of it.
• It is also said that it could be at the lowest
surface of the Earth’s crust.
Oceans
In earlier years there were only four recognized oceans, but by
the year 2000, the Southern Ocean was declared by the
International Hydrographic Organization.
The five oceans are: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern and
Arctic.
Pacific Ocean:
Extends from the Arctic ocean in the north, to the Southern ocean in the south. This
enormous body of water is bordered by North and South America in the east and Asia and
Australia in the west. This is the largest and deepest ocean in the world and Mariana trench,
the deepest trench in the world lies in this ocean.
Atlantic Ocean:
After the Pacific, the Atlantic ocean is the next largest and deepest. It stretches over
41,100,000 square miles. The Puerto Rico trench is the deepest point which measures
8,648 meters.
Indian Ocean:
Known as the third largest ocean, it covers 20% of the earth’s water surface. Out of the five
oceans, this ocean is the only one names after a country. It is surrounded by India,
Indochina, East Africa, and Southern Ocean. The deepest point is the Java trench
measuring 7,235 meters.
Southern Ocean:
Also known as the Antarctic ocean and is surrounds the south portion of the Antarctica
continent. It is the fourth largest ocean and covers a bigger area than the Arctic.
Arctic Ocean:
The Arctic lies in the northern hemisphere. Eurasia and North America lie in the boundaries
of this ocean and the deepest point is the Eurasia basin which is about 5,450 meters.
The Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of Queensland in the Northeastern
area of Australia.
 It is so big that it can actually be seen from outer space!
 It is home to a big variety of species, like 30 different species of whales, 6 species of
sea turtles, 125 species of sharks and stingrays, 17 species of sea snakes and about
1,500 species of fish.
Some of the largest clams can be found in the reef, and one of the largest pearls
were found and sold in New York City for 10 million dollars.
Oil Spill
On April 3 2010, a 750 ft bulk carrier was on its way to China, from
Queensland. One of the vessels fuel tanks was damaged and created a long
narrow strip of oil for 2 nautical miles or 3.7 km. After investigations it was
found that 3 to 4 tones of oil was lost.
This created the largest grounding scar on the Great Barrier Reef known to
date.
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Great_Barrier_Reef_oil_spill
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/oceanography/
http://www.bigelow.org/about/history/henry_bigel
ow/