Download Diapositiva 1

The Earth's relief.
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EARTH'S STRUCTURE
THE LITHOSPHERE
Continental drift theory
THE EART´S RELIEF
Continental relief
 Mountains
 Plains
 Plateaus
 Valleys
 Basins
 Continental water
 Rivers
 Parts
 Lakes
 Glaciers
 Groundwater
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Coastal relief
 Beaches
 Clifs
 Peninsulas
 Gulfs
 Capes
 Islands
Oceanic relief
NATURAL RISKS
Volcanoes
 Parts of a volcano
Earthquakes
 Tsunamis
 Earthquiakes elements
 Seismography
Earth Structure
The
interior of the Earth is divided into
concentric layers.
Earth Structure
 Crust
 It is a
thin outer layer formed by solid rocks. It is divided
into continental and oceanic crust.
 Mantle
It is the middle layer, formed by solid or half-molten rock. It
is divided into upper and lower.
 Core
 It is the
deepest layer. It is composed of iron and nickel.
Its temperature is very high (4.300º C). It is divided into
internal and external.
 The
most interesting part of the Earth structure is the
Lithosphere.
Major Relief Features of the
Earth’s Surface
The Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
Lithosphere: rigid outer shell of Earth, includes crust and upper mantle
Asthenosphere: plastic layer below the lithosphere
Lithospheric Plate: segment of lithosphere moving as a unit, in contact with
adjacent lithospheric plates along plate boundaries
Lithosphere
is from the Greek λίθος, "stone" and
σφαίρα, "sphere".
Lithosphere
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Source: glencoe.com
Lithosphere
It
is the most superficial layer of the solid
Earth, characterized by its rigidity. It is
formed by the earth's crust and the
contiguous zone, the uppermost part of the
mantle.
Lithosphere
It
is formed by plates that move over the
semimolten mantle. That movement causes
the distance, approach and collision of the
plates (called tectonics), creating or
destroying the relief.
The continental drift theory
In
1912 the German scientist Alfred Wegener
formulated the theory of "contintental drift": millions
of years ago there was a single continent, called
Pangea, origin of the current ones and a single ocean,
called Pantalasa
The continental drift theory
Abundant
earthquakes and volcanoes
are produced in the areas where the
continental plates collide.
The Earth's relief
Is
the form that the surface of the
earth's crust (Lithosphere) has. It
includes the emerged and submerged
land under the floor of the oceans and
seas.
The Earth's relief
Water
covers about 71% of the
Earth's surface. Of this amount, 97% is
salt water.
Salt water is locate in oceans and seas.
Fresh water is locate in rivers, lakes,
glaciers and groundwater.
Water
Earth's
water is continuosly changing
its physical state (liquid, solid or
vapor) and moves from one to another
place.
This
process is called the water cycle
(or hydrologic cycle) and involves the
evaporation, the condensation and the
rainfall.
Continental relief
The continents occupy approximately 30% of
the earth's crust. They comprise the
emerged land and the nearby submerged
area, called continental shelf.
There are six continents: Asia, America,
Africa, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania.
Continents Surface:
Km2
Asia 44,307,677
America 42,090,655
Africa 30,309,677
Antarctica 13,176,727
Europe 10,522,176
Oceania 8,945,724
Continental forms
The main continental relief forms are:
Mountains
Plains
Plateaus
Valleys
Basins
Mountains
They are a natural elevation of the land
with pronounced sides.
The highest mountain range in the world
is the Himalayas (Asia).
Plains and plateaus
A plain is a large geographic area slightly
above sea level.They are usually made up of
materials from erosion, known as sediments
Plateau:They are elevated regions above
their surroundings.The highest plateaus
are located in Tibet (Asia) and in Bolivia
(South America). They are formed by
ancient eroded mountains.
Valleys and basins
They are sunken areas that are surrounded
by high land, such as mountains. They are
usually crossed by rivers.
A basin is a natural depression made up from
the accumulation of sediments, produced by
the erosion of the Earth's surface, for
example, by a river.
Some of them are below sea level.
Unit Vocabulary
alluvial plain, archipelago, basin, bay, beach,
canyon, cape, cliff, continental drift,
continental shelf, continental slope, core,
course, crater, crust, delta, dissolve,
earthquake, erosion, estuary, fault, fluvial
erosion, fold, gulf, island, isthmus, lava, lower
course, lower mantle, magma, mantle, marine
erosion, middle course, mountain, mountain
range, ocean ridge, ocean trench, peninsula,
pipe, plain, plateau, sediment, sedimentation,
solution, tectonic plate, temperature, tsunami,
upper course, upper mantle, valley, volcano,
waterfall.