Download Relief unit 2

Structure of the Earth
• The Earth is made
up of 3 main
layers:
– Core
– Mantle
– Crust
Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core
The Core
The INNER Core - is solid (because of EXTREME
pressure from everything above it)
The OUTER Core – is molten
Both the inner and outer core are made up of
Nickel and Iron
Mantle
The mantle extends from the crust almost
halfway to the centre of the Earth.
It has all the properties of a SOLID but can flow
VERY SLOWLY just beneath the crust.
Here it is made of MAGMA – very thick and
sticky molten rock.
The Crust
• This is where we live!
(litosphere).
• Plates formed relief.
• The Earth’s crust is made of:
Continental Crust
(Continents)
- thick
- less dense than oceanic
crust
- mostly old
Oceanic Crust (Oceans)
- thin
- dense - sinks under
continental crust
- young
LAND RELIEF
Continental relief: It is formed by two kind of forces.
Internal: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.
External: wind, rain, ice, etc.
INTERNAL FORCES CREATED THE RELIEF AND EXTERNAL
FORCES ERODED IT.
CONTINENTAL WATERS
Rivers, glaciers and
groundwaters
Inland lakes and seas
COASTAL RELIEF AND OCEAN FLOOR
1. Coastal relief; gulfs, beaches, capes, cliffs, etc.
2. Relief on the ocean floor: continental shelf, abyssal plain (trenches and
Ocean ridges), continental slope.
NATURAL HAZARDS
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
AND
EARTHQUAKES