Download 003-6 Mar-TE14 Regional Disaster Overview

MPAT Tempest Express 14 Staff Planning Workshop
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
06-14 March 2008
Regional Disaster Overview
Thursday, 06 March 2008 1145 - 1230
Mr. Todd Bosse
Sr. Geospatial Information Analyst
Pacific Disaster Center
1305 N. Holopono St., Suite 2
Kihei, Maui, Hawaii 96753
http://www.pdc.org
Src: Digital Globe
Src: PDC
Facts …
• Disasters Destabilize Economic and Political Orders
– In 2006 disasters killed 23,000 people, affected 143 million others, and
cost more than $34.5b USD
(CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006)
– Natural disasters cost developing countries 2%–15% of GDP annually
[on average]
(Kreiner, Arnold, and Carlin 2003)
– Natural disasters cause high unstability in national incomes
(Asian Development Bank, Strategy for the New Millennium)
Source: CRED
Facts …
• Disasters are on the Rise
– There has been a substantial increase in the number of reported
natural disasters in the [Pacific] region since 1950s
(World Bank, Not if but when – Executive Summary 2006)
– …[in] 2000-2006 … number of disasters increasing by nearly a
multiple factor of two
(CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006)
Src: CRED
Asia-Pacific
• We Live in a Disaster-Prone Region (Asia Pacific)
– 44% of disasters BUT 83% of victims
(UN – International Strategies for Disaster Reduction, Disasters in Numbers, 2006)
– In 2006, disasters affected 119M people and cost $25b USD
(CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006)
Source: CRED
Number of Disasters by Continent
Number of Victims by Continent
Regional Disaster Overview
“Asia has been the world’s most disaster prone
region, having suffered about half of the world’s major
disasters over the past five decades.”
(SRC: ADRC, http://www.adrc.or.jp/publications/ngo_workshop/1.pdf)
• Asia accounts for over 60% of the World’s
total population with 3.8 billion people.
• Much of Asia lies within a high risk area
termed the “Pacific Ring of Fire”
• Majority of Asian nations are “developing”.
Disasters in Developing Nations
• Proportion of persons living in cities in developing
countries has doubled since 1960.
– Half are disaster prone due to the same features that make
them livable
• The poor are hardest hit
– Poverty drives informal settlements in disaster prone areas
– Disasters severely affect food production in the poor
– Small fluctuations in income have a dramatic impact on the
poor. Savings not adequate to deal with a catastrophe
– No insurance
• Many Nations require additional investments in
capabilities relevant to disaster management
– Varying levels of capabilities
SRC: Freeeman, P., Keen, M., Mani M., “Being Prepared”, Finance and Development, Sept 2003.
1.
Ring
Facts
of Fire…..
…
• The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of frequent earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific
Ocean in a 40,000 km horseshoe shape. (SRC: USGS)
• It is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic
trenches, volcanic belts and tectonic plate movements.
(SRC: USGS)
• The Ring of Fire contains 75% of the world's active and
dormant volcanoes. (SRC: USGS, National Geographic)
• Ninety percent of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the
world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.
(SRC: USGS)
1.
World
EQ Snapshot
Facts
…
Asia-Pacific Volcanoes
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
ASEAN Disaster Overview
L
Indonesia
L
M
M
Lao PDR
L
S
M
Malaysia
M
S
S
Myanmar
M
M
M
Philippines
S
S
L
S
Thailand
L
S
S
L
Vietnam
M
M
L
S
Fire
S
Volcanic
L
Earthquake
Cambodia
Tsunami
Land- slide
Drought
Flood
Typhoon
Country
L
L
L
S
M
M
M
L
M
L
S
S
S
S
Note: L = light; M= medium; S = severe
S
M
S
L
L
L
L
Cambodia Disasters
Most Significant Disasters in Cambodia
Number of People Affected
Number of People Killed
Disaster
Date
Flood
Jul-1994
Flood
Killed
Disaster
Date
Affected
506
Flood
Jul-2000
3,448,053
Jul-2000
347
Famine
Sep-1995
2,500,000
Flood
Aug-1991
100
Famine
1996
2,500,000
Epidemic
Apr-1999
97
Flood
Aug-2001
1,669,182
Flood
Sep-1996
59
Flood
Aug-2002
1,470,000
Flood
Aug-2001
56
Flood
Sep-1996
1,310,000
Epidemic
Jun-1992
50
Flood
Aug-1991
900,000
Flood
Aug-2002
29
Famine
Sep-1998
900,000
Epidemic
Jul-1998
15
Drought
Jan-2002
650,000
Flood
Aug-1999
7
Flood
Aug-1999
535,904
ASEAN DISCNet
•
•
Goal: Enhance ASEAN disaster management
capacity & readiness by establishing a
common operating picture and data sharing
methods.
Process: Evaluate and document the existing
and varying ICT capabilities for each of the
participating member countries NDMO’s.
– Based on established ‘benchmarks’
•
Product: Develop GAP analysis document.
– Website, GIS, data sharing, networking, partner agencies
DISCNet Results
•
•
•
•
•
With regard to the DISCNet benchmark categories,
NDMO’s have varying levels of capability from
Nation to Nation.
All Nations have ‘Basic’ infrastructure
½ of nations have reliable
internet access.
Most need investments in
GIS and Archived Disaster
Information.
No established mechanism
for sharing of disaster related
information regionally
The future …
• Disasters are Global Concerns requiring widespread support
– Whole of Government and Military HA/DR
– International Support and Collaboration
• Cannot Stop Disasters; But Can Reduce
Impacts
– In 1991, Cyclone Val cost 230% of Samoa GDP; while Heta
in 2004 cost only 9% of GDP
(World Bank, Not if but when – Executive Summary 2006)
• Information Technologies Are Here Today
– Decision Aid Tools
– Risk Assessment Methodologies
– Exercises
Natural Hazards &
Vulnerabilities Atlas
Regional, web-based, geospatial information application with access
to GIS data and attributes designed to support the disaster
management/emergency response communities.
Natural Hazards
• Tropical Storms
• Wildfires
• Earthquakes
• Tsunamis
• Volcanoes
• Floods
Risk Exposure
• People
• Infrastructure
http://atlas.pdc.org
Mr. Todd Bosse
Sr. Geospatial Information Analyst
Pacific Disaster Center
Hawaii, USA
[email protected]
http://www.pdc.org