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Download Unit 3 Geochemical Cycles in the Earth`s System
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Transcript
Unit 3 Geochemical Cycles in the Earth’s System Chapters 10 and 11 3 types of rocks • 1. _________ – formed from magma • 2. __________ – made up of sediment that has been compacted • 3. ___________ – rock that has been exposed to heat and pressure Rock Cycle • See page 177 Igneous Rocks • __________ cools and hardens • ____________ – slow cooling below crust, ________ crystals • __________ – fast cooling on earth’s surface, _______ crystals • ___________ – combo of small and large crystals Felsic vs. Mafic • • • • • • _______ ______ in silica _______colored Intrusive ______grained (large) Granite family • _______ • _____ in silica, high iron • ______ colored • ________ • _____ grained (small) • Basalt family Igneous Rock Structures • See page 181 • ________ = batholiths, stock, laccoliths, sill, dike • _________= volcanic neck, lava plateau Sedimentary Rocks • __________ – compacted fragments • Ex: __________ (smooth) and ________(sharp fragments) • __________ – minerals dissolved in water • Ex: Evaporites • __________– remains of organisms • Ex: Coal Sedimentary Rock Features • Stratification – layers • ________ ________ and mud cracks – water • _________– preserved within • __________ – minerals precipitated from solutions build up in lumps within Metamorphic Rock • Change due to ______ or ________ • ________– small area, changed rocks which directly contact the heat or pressure • ________ – larger area ex: tectonic mv’t Classification of Metamorphic Rocks • __________ – visible parallel bands • _________ __________, minerals of different densities separate • Slate, schist, gneiss (page 188) • ____________ – no bands or crystals • __________ so tightly, no ________ visible • Quartzite, marble (page189) Ores • Deposits of _________ from which metals and nonmetals can be ________ profitably • Types: Iron, Chromium, Nickel, Lead, Copper, Zinc Formation of Ores • • • • • Form within cooling ________ Form from _________metamorphism _______ – mineral solutions in cracks ________ – large number of veins ______ deposits – concentrated at bottom of stream beds due to water mv’t Uses of Ores • • • • • _______ materials Jewelry ________ Food Page 197 Fossil Fuels • Organic, made of ________ • ______ – remains of plants in swamps • Formed by ____________ (release of gases due to bacteria) • ________ – partial decomp • _________ – more dense • ______________ coal – further compressed, most abundant • ____________ – hardest form of coal due to pressure Petroleum and Natural Gas • • • • Mixtures of hydrocarbons _______ or _______ form Remains of __________ in bodies of water Form in _________ rock, pushed upward with ___________ • Stopped by __________ rock • See page 200 Uses, supplies, and environment • Uses: source of ________, used in products such as plastics, medicines, cleaners, etc • Supplies: ____________, ______ most abundant, ___________ almost used up • Environment: changing earth’s _________, increased________, acid rain and air pollution, spills Nuclear Fission vs. Fusion • • • • • _________ ________ of nuclei Releases energy _____________ Controlled chain reaction • Gives off dangerous ____________ • __________ • Atoms _________ nuclei • Releases energy • _______ • Difficult to reach temp needed Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Energy • • • • • • ___________ Solar ___________ Hydroelectric _________ Enviro-friendly • ______________ • Fossil Fuels • _____________
