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The Earth in Space
Chapter 2 Section 1
2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
70% of the earth is Salt Water.
 The earth is surrounded by a blanket of
gases called the atmosphere
 The atmosphere is made up of 78%
nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases.
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
The solid outermost zone of the earth is
called the crust.
 Beneath the oceans, the crust is called
oceanic crust.
 The part of the crust that makes up the
continents is called continental crust.
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
Below the crust is the mantle.
 The uppermost part of the mantle is cool
and brittle.
 This part and the crust make up the
lithosphere.
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
The bottom portion of the mantle is called
the asthenosphere.
 Because of the enormous heat and
pressure, the solid rock of the
asthenosphere has the ability to flow
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
Below the mantle is the core.
 It is mostly made of iron.
 Scientists think the outer core is a dense
liquid layer.
 The inner core is a dense solid layer
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
There are 2 types of seismic waves.
 Primary waves or P waves
 Secondary waves or S waves
 P waves travel through solids, liquids, and
gases
 S waves only travel through solids
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
P waves travel faster than S waves
 Both P and S travel faster when they are
going through more rigid material.
 S waves cannot travel through the core,
only the P waves can.
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
The speed of seismic waves increases
abruptly from 32km to 70km beneath the
surface.
 This is the boundary between the crust
and the mantle.
 This is called the Moho.
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
The earth’s magnetic field affects an area
that extends beyond the atmosphere.
 This region is called the magnetosphere.
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
Gravity is the force of attraction that exists
between all matter in the universe.
 The larger the masses of the 2 objects and
the closer together they are, the greater
the force of gravity will be between them.
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2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
Weight is a measure of the strength of the
pull of gravity on an object.
 Weight and mass are not the same
 Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
 Weight is the force of gravity on that
matter.
 You weigh more at the North Pole than at
the equator.
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