Download Unit C: Processes that Change the Earth

Harcourt Science- 5th Grade
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C:
Processes that Change the Earth
Chapter 1: Changes to Earth’s Surface
Lesson 1: What Processes Change Landforms
Lesson 2: What Causes Mountains, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes?
Lesson 3: How Has Earth’s Surface Changed?
Chapter 2: Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
Lesson 1: What Are Natural Resources?
Lesson 2: How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
Chapter 4: Exploring the Oceans
Lesson 1: How Do Ocean Waters Move?
Lesson 2: How Do Oceans Interact with the Land?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D:
The Solar System and Beyond
Chapter 1: Earth, Moon, and Beyond
Lesson 1: How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
Chapter 2: The Sun and Other Stars
Lesson 1: What Are the Features of the Sun?
www.jpl.nasa.gov/.../ Solar-system-1280_1024.jpg
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Processes Change Landforms?
What Do You Think?
Why are new mountains high and
pointed, while old mountains are
low and rounded?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
What Processes Change Landforms?
Earth’s landforms,
the physical
features on its
surface, change
over time.
www.noaanews.noaa.gov/.../ images/earth-sat.jpg
Enchanted Learning: Landforms
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
What Processes Change Landforms?
Rivers wear away
rock and produce
canyons.
http://www.nps.gov/grca/
Waves break
down sea cliffs
and create beach
sand.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
What Processes Change Landforms?
Glaciers are thick sheets of
ice. The size and weight of
glaciers cause them to move
slowly and erode the land
underneath.
www.astro.washington.edu/.../ eta_pix/glacier.jpg
Winds carry bits of rock and
sand that weather rock
surfaces. Wind moves
sediment from place to
place.
arnica.csustan.edu/.../ Images/dscn9240.jpg
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
What Processes Change Landforms?
Weathering is the process of
breaking rock into soil, sand,
and other tiny pieces, or
particles, called sediment.
Brain Pop: Weathering
Harcourt School: Glaciers
Brain Pop: Glaciers
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
www.glg.ed.ac.uk/.../ holyrood/info/sphweath.htm
What Processes Change Landforms?
Erosion is the process
of moving sediment
from one place to
another.
Deposition is the
process of dropping,
or depositing,
sediment in a new
location.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
water.tamu.edu/ images/erosion.jpg
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
Brain Pop: Erosion
What Processes Change Landforms?
a.
b.
cwww.carcd.org/ wisp/westside/
http://www.cjnetworks.com/~sccdistrict/shw_agso/index.htm
c.
d.
Which picture does not show farmland that has
been designed to prevent erosion?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
What Processes Change Landforms?
Alternating strips of
different crops are
planted perpendicular
to prevailing winds to
reduce soil from
blowing away.
a.
b.
Farmers harvest
their crops.
cwww.carcd.org/ wisp/westside/
d.
c.
Planting crops
along the slope of
land reduces
erosion.
Terraces slow down the
speed of flowing water
and reduce erosion.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
What Do You Think?
How do we know what is inside
the Earth?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
The crust is the outer
layer of the earth. It is
the thinnest layer and
made of rock. All life on
Earth exists on the top
of the crust.
earth.usc.edu/~stott/ Catalina/platetectonics.html
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
The mantle is the layer
beneath the crust. It
makes up two thirds of the
earth. The upper mantle is
molten rock, and the lower
mantle is probably solid
rock.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
The core consists of two layers.
The outer core is made of liquid,
or molten iron and nickel. The
inner core is made of solid iron
and nickel. The pressure
exerted on the core from the
outer layers causes the inner
core to be solid.
BrainPop: Earth’s Structure
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/plate_tectonics/plates.html
The Earth’s Surface is made up of many plates. The
Earth’s plates fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
The plates float on the molten rock of the mantle. Because
plates are right next to each other, the movement of one
plate affects another. Plates pull apart, push together, and
slide past each other. This movement causes changes to
the Earth’s surface.
Convergent boundary animation
Divergent boundary animation
Transform fault boundary animation
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/tectonics/
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
Many volcanoes are located at plate boundaries. The area
around the Pacific plate is known as the Ring of Fire.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
Earthquakes can occur
along boundaries or
faults. Faults are places
in the crust where plates
move.
View southwest from the corner of Geary and Mason streets, San
Francisco. Taken April 20, 1906.
Enchanted Learning: The Earth
Volcano World
PBS: Savage Earth
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
Location
Date
Magnitude
Prince William Sound, Alaska
1964
9.2
Andreanof Islands, Alaska
1957
9.1
Rat Islands, Alaska
1965
8.7
East of Shumagin Islands, Alaska
1938
8.2
New Madrid, Missouri
1811
8.1
Yakutat Bay, Alaska
1899
8.0
Andreanof Islands, Alaska
1986
8.0
New Madrid, Missouri
1812
8
Near Cape Yakataga, Alaska
1899
7.9
Fort Tejon, California
1857
7.9
Ka'u District, Island of Hawaii
1868
7.9
Gulf of Alaska, Alaska
1987
7.9
Andreanof Islands, Alaska
1996
7.9
Denali Fault, Alaska
2002
7.9
New Madrid, Missouri
1812
7.8
Imperial Valley, California
1892
7.8
San Francisco, California
1906
7.8
Gulf of Alaska
1988
7.8
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/bytopic/lists.html
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
The table displays the largest
earthquakes in the United States.
1. How many years have
passed since the largest
earthquake?
2. How is it possible that
Missouri has experienced
major earthquakes?
3. Which state has experienced
the most major earthquakes?
Why do you think this is the
case?
How Has Earth’s Surface Changed?
What Do You Think?
How is it possible for
continents to move?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 3
How Has Earth’s Surface Changed?
1. Cut out the continents from one copy
of a world map.
2. Arrange the continents into one large
“super continent” on a sheet of
construction paper.
3. See how you can arrange the pieces
so that they fit together.
4. Identify continents and mountain
ranges.
5. What are your observations?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 3
How Has Earth’s Surface Changed?
Continental Drift is the theory of how continents move
over the Earth’s surface. A theory is a widely
accepted belief. According to the continental drift
theory, all the continents were joined together 225
million years ago. This “supercontinent” is known as
Pangaea.
Continental Drift Animation
Enchanted Learning: All About Plate Tectonics
Brain Pop: Plate Tectonics
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 3
How Has Earth’s Surface Changed?
Fossils are the remains or traces
of past life found in sedimentary
rock. Scientists study fossils to
find out how life on Earth has
changed. Fossils show what kind
of organisms lived on Earth long
ago and how the Earth’s surface
was different than it is today.
http://www.rom.on.ca/quiz/fossil/fosg
ame.html
See if you can match
the fossils. Click here.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 3
How Has Earth’s Surface Changed?
Fossils provide evidence of continental drift.
Plant and animal fossils found on different
continents suggest that these organisms lived
together in one large mass a long time ago.
Continental Drift Word Search
Continental Drift Matching
NASA: Continental Drift Quiz
Pangaea game
Brain Pop: Fossils
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 3
What Are Natural Resources?
What Do You Think?
Is there anything we use that
does not come from nature?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are Natural Resources?
Minerals are naturally occurring substances that can
be extracted from the ground. Which of the following
are minerals? How is each mineral used?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
asbestos
salt
sugar
quartz
diamond
flour
g. graphite
h. cotton
i. bronze
j. iron
k. pearl
Minerals: A to Z
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are Natural Resources?
Minerals and other useful
materials people take from the
Earth are natural resources.
What natural resources do you
depend on?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are Natural Resources?
A resource that cannot be replaced once it is used
up is called a nonrenewable resource.
Nonrenewable resources take thousands of years
to form. Once they are used up, they are gone!
Examples include soil, rock and
mineral resources, and fossil fuels.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are Natural Resources?
A renewable resource is a
resource that is replaced as it is
used. Forests are renewable
resources.
A reusable resource is a natural
resource that can be used more
than once. Reusable resources
are sometimes called
inexhaustible resources. Air and
water are reusable resources.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
What Do You Think?
What would happen if the
world ran out of petroleum?
What Do You Think?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
Fossil Fuels are nonrenewable
resources that formed from the
remains of once-living
organisms. Coal, natural gas,
and petroleum are fossil fuels.
Brain Pop: Fossil Fuels
EIA: Kid’s Page
Energy Quest
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
Fossil fuels are used as an energy
source. They are also important
resources for making other products.
www.americaslibrary.gov/. ../es/pa/steel_1
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Coal is a hard, black colored,
rock-like substance used to
fuel power plants and
factories. It is also used to
make steel.
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
Petroleum is important
in the production of
medicines, makeup,
paints, and plastics.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Natural gas supplies
energy for heating,
cooking, and fueling
other home appliances.
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
What are the
differences
between coal
formation and
petroleum/natural
gas formation?
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/non-renewable/nonrenewable.html
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
Cause for Concern
The consumption of nonrenewable resources has
caused environmental damage. Electricity generated
from fossil fuels has led to high concentrations of
harmful gases in the atmosphere. This has led to
concerns over ozone depletion and global warming.
EPA: Global Warming Animation
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
Alternative Energy Sources
Alternative sources of energy have become
important. Renewable resources such as wind
and sun can never be exhausted. They cause
less emissions and are readily available. Most
renewable sources of energy are nonpolluting
and clean.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
Alternative Energy Sources
Which of the following complete the list as
an alternative energy source?
1. propane
2. geothermal
3. oil
4. biomass
5. hydroelectric
Fossil fuels
Alternative source
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
coal, petroleum, natural gas
wind, solar, _____, _____, _____
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
Alternative Energy Sources
Select an alternative energy source.
Research its advantages and
disadvantages. Then explain whether you
would rely on the source you chose for all
of your energy needs. Support your
opinion with evidence from your research.
Edugreen: Renewable Energy Sources
Windpower.org
USGS: Water Science for Schools
Sunsite Funsite
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
How Do Ocean Waters Move?
What Do You Think?
How is it possible for the
moon to affect the oceans?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 1
How Do Ocean Waters Move?
Winds create waves. A wave is the up
and down movement of surface water.
The height of a wave is related to
how hard the wind blows. Even
though waves rise and fall, very
little of the water moves forward.
What moves across the ocean’s
surface is energy.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 1
How Do Ocean Waters Move?
An ocean current is a stream of water that
flows like a river through the ocean.
Currents actually move more water forward
than waves, sometimes for long distances.
BrainPop: Ocean Currents
BrainPop: Tides
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 1
How Do Ocean Waters Move?
www.amnh.org/.../permanent/ ocean/01_dioramas/
Large ocean currents, known as
surface currents, flow across
the surface of the oceans.
Some surface currents can be
hundreds of kilometers wide
and hundreds of meters deep.
The satellite image shows
warm water (red) being swept
northeast by the Gulf Stream.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 1
How Do Ocean Waters Move?
geography.sierra.cc.ca.us/ booth/California/2_...
The diagram shows how ocean currents move.
The red arrows show warm water, and the blue
arrows show cold water.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 1
How Do Ocean Waters Move?
Once or twice a day (every 24
hours), ocean water rises and
falls at every beach around the
world. This repeated rise and
fall in the level of the ocean is
called the tide.
Tides are caused by the pull
of gravity of the sun and the
moon on Earth’s waters.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 1
How Do Ocean Waters Move?
A bulge of water (high tide) forms on the side of
the Earth facing the Moon, with another on the
opposite side of the Earth. As Earth rotates, it
pulls these bulges along.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 1
How Do Oceans Interact with the
Land?
What Do You Think?
Would you build a house on the
sandy beach? Why or why not?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 2
How Do Oceans Interact with the
Land?
The shore is the area
where the ocean and land
meet and interact. Waves
change the shore in
several ways.
• Grinding pebbles and
rocks against the shore
erodes the bottoms of cliffs.
• Applying water pressure
loosens small pebbles and
rocks and carry them into
the ocean.
• Seawater dissolves rock
along the shore.
www.thegogglesdonothing.com/
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 2
How Do Oceans Interact with the
Land?
Human activities can
change the shore.
Building structures to
protect beaches from
erosion can change
natural processes that
erode and build up the
shore.
www.stimulus.com/.../ desktop/jetty-1024.jpg
A jetty is a wall-like structure made of rocks that
sticks out into the ocean.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 2
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
What Do You Think?
What would it take to make it
possible for people to live on the
moon?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
Pulled by the sun’s gravity, the Earth revolves
around the sun. The Earth takes 365 days to
revolve one time around the sun. Click here to see
the reason for day and night.
The path the Earth takes
is called its orbit.
Earth’s orbit is an ellipse,
a shape that is not quite
circular.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
As the Earth orbits the sun it rotates, or spins on its axis.
The axis is an imaginary line that passes through Earth’s
center and its North and South poles.
The Earth
makes one
full rotation
every 24
hours.
.
www.nmm.ac.uk/uploads/ gif/seasons-full.gif
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
• The moon is a cold and dry
satellite whose surface is
covered in craters.
• The moon has no
atmosphere.
home.att.net/ ~bsimpson/moon.jpg
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
• Scientists believe there
may be frozen ice at the
moon’s poles.
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
• Pulled by the Earth’s gravity,
the moon revolves around
Earth in an ellipse-shaped
orbit.
•The moon rotates on its axis.
• The moon takes 27.3 Earth
days to complete one rotation
and one revolution.
•The same side of the moon
always faces Earth.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
•The gravitational pull on the
moon is less than the earth.
You would weigh less on the
moon than on the Earth.
dosxx.colorado.edu/.../ SESSIONS/8.Gravity.html
• A person’s mass, the
amount of matter something
contains, never changes.
Your mass would be the
same on the Earth and on
the moon.
Click here to view astronauts on the moon.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Animation: The Moon’s Phases
BrainPop: Moon
Earth, Sun, and Moon animation
Animated Moon Phases
Enchanted Learning: Moon
Harcourt School: Moon Phases
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
www.pa.msu.edu/.../ sec-1/images/moon_phases.JPG
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
A solar eclipse occurs
when Earth passes
through a new moon’s
shadow. During a
total solar eclipse, the
moon completely
covers the sun.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
The moon blocks the sun’s light.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
A lunar eclipse occurs
when the full moon
passes through Earth’s
shadow. Even though
the Earth blocks the sun’s
light, our atmosphere
bends certain colors of
light, especially red.
www.theastronomer.org/ images/lunar_eclipse_96...
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
The Earth blocks the sun’s light.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
Create and complete the chart to compare the moon
and the Earth. Add other areas to the chart you can
compare.
Earth
orbits
rotates
atmosphere
water
craters
shadow
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Moon
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
Virtual Solar System
Solar System animation
Earth orbit animation
A Virtual Journey into the Universe
BrainPop: Eclipses
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
What Are the Features of the Sun?
What Do You Think?
What does the sun really look like?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are the Features of the Sun?
• The sun is the source of
most energy on Earth.
• The sun is a huge ball of
gases, mostly hydrogen and
helium.
• Energy from the sun travels
in waves such as visible light,
infrared, ultraviolet, and radio
waves.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
astrogeology.usgs.gov/ assets/wallpaper/sun.jpg
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are the Features of the Sun?
The sun is a star. It is large
enough to hold one million
Earths.
The core is the center of the
sun. The temperature is about
15 million °C (27 million °F).
As energy from the sun’s core
moves outward, it passes
through the radiation zone.
From there it radiates, or
moves, to the outer layer.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
stars5.netfirms.com/ sunthe.htm
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are the Features of the Sun?
In the convection zone,
energy moves to the
surface through a
process called
convection.
stars5.netfirms.com/ sunthe.htm
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
During convection a gas or
liquid is heated. The
heated substance rises and
cools. Once it cools the
liquid or gas sinks. The
process repeats.
Boil rice in a clear pot. Watch the
movement of rice as it moves with
the convection current.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
earth.geol.ksu.edu/.../ 0829_12_convection.jpg
What Are the Features of the Sun?
What Are the Features of the Sun?
The surface of the sun
is known as the
photosphere, or “sphere
of light.” This is the part
of the sun we see.
stars5.netfirms.com/ sunthe.htm
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are the Features of the Sun?
The corona is the sun’s outer
atmosphere. It is visible
during total eclipses of the
sun. It displays a variety of
features including streamers,
plumes, and loops.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
Solar flares are tremendous
explosions on the surface of
the sun. Solar flares release
as much energy as one
million tons of TNT.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
Solar flares www.estec.esa.nl/.../ wma/Background/rad_env.html
What Are the Features of the Sun?
What Are the Features of the Sun?
As the energy is released from
solar flares, a fast-moving
stream of particles is thrown
into space. These particles are
called solar winds. When
solar winds reach Earth, the
particles can cause magnetic
storms.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
What Are the Features of the Sun?
Sunspots are dark areas on
the surface of the sun.
Sunspots appear dark
because they are cooler than
the rest of the sun. Many
sunspots are larger than Earth.
www.tretipol.cz/ img/pic/9/sunspots.jpg
BrainPop: Sun
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
Let’s Review!
1.
Identify how land is weathered.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Processes Change Landforms?
Rivers wear away
rock and produce
canyons.
http://www.nps.gov/grca/
Waves break
down sea cliffs
and create beach
sand.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
Let’s Review!
2.
What are glaciers, and how do
they affect the land?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Processes Change Landforms?
Glaciers are thick sheets of
ice. The size and weight of
glaciers cause them to move
slowly and erode the land
underneath.
www.astro.washington.edu/.../ eta_pix/glacier.jpg
Winds carry bits of rock and
sand that weather rock
surfaces. Wind moves
sediment from place to
place.
arnica.csustan.edu/.../ Images/dscn9240.jpg
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
Let’s Review!
3.
What is the name of the
process that breaks down rock
into soil, sand and other
sediments?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Processes Change Landforms?
Weathering is the process of
breaking rock into soil, sand,
and other tiny pieces, or
particles, called sediment.
Brain Pop: Weathering
Harcourt School: Glaciers
Brain Pop: Glaciers
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
www.glg.ed.ac.uk/.../ holyrood/info/sphweath.htm
Let’s Review!
4.
What is the process of moving
sediment from one place to
another?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Processes Change Landforms?
Erosion is the process
of moving sediment
from one place to
another.
Deposition is the
process of dropping,
or depositing,
sediment in a new
location.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
water.tamu.edu/ images/erosion.jpg
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
Brain Pop: Erosion
Let’s Review!
5.
What are crustal plates able to
do because the upper mantle
is made of molten rock?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
The plates float on the molten rock of the mantle. Because
plates are right next to each other, the movement of one
plate affects another. Plates pull apart, push together, and
slide past each other. This movement causes changes to
the Earth’s surface.
Convergent boundary animation
Divergent boundary animation
Transform fault boundary animation
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/tectonics/
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
Let’s Review!
6.
What can cause earthquakes?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
Earthquakes can occur
along boundaries or
faults. Faults are places
in the crust where plates
move.
View southwest from the corner of Geary and Mason streets, San
Francisco. Taken April 20, 1906.
Enchanted Learning: The Earth
Volcano World
PBS: Savage Earth
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
Let’s Review!
7.
What are faults?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Causes
Mountains…Volcanoes…Earthquakes?
Earthquakes can occur
along boundaries or
faults. Faults are places
in the crust where plates
move.
View southwest from the corner of Geary and Mason streets, San
Francisco. Taken April 20, 1906.
Enchanted Learning: The Earth
Volcano World
PBS: Savage Earth
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 1: Lesson 2
Let’s Review!
8.
Identify at least three examples
of natural resources.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Are Natural Resources?
Minerals and other useful
materials people take from the
Earth are natural resources.
What natural resources do you
depend on?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 1
Let’s Review!
9.
Identify examples of fossil
fuels.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
Fossil Fuels are nonrenewable
resources that formed from the
remains of once-living
organisms. Coal, natural gas,
and petroleum are fossil fuels.
Brain Pop: Fossil Fuels
EIA: Kid’s Page
Energy Quest
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
Let’s Review!
10.
Explain the consequences of
using fossil fuels.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Cause for Concern
The consumption of nonrenewable resources has
caused environmental damage. Electricity generated
from fossil fuels has led to high concentrations of
harmful gases in the atmosphere. This has led to
concerns over ozone depletion and global warming.
EPA: Global Warming Animation
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
Let’s Review!
11.
Identify an alternative energy
source and its advantages.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Alternative Energy Sources
Alternative sources of energy have become
important. Renewable resources such as wind
and sun can never be exhausted. They cause
less emissions and are readily available. Most
renewable sources of energy are nonpolluting
and clean.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 2: Lesson 2
Let’s Review!
12.
How often do ocean tides rise
and fall?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
How Do Ocean Waters Move?
Once or twice a day (every 24
hours), ocean water rises and
falls at every beach around the
world. This repeated rise and
fall in the level of the ocean is
called the tide.
Tides are caused by the pull
of gravity of the sun and the
moon on Earth’s waters.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit C: Chapter 4: Lesson 1
Let’s Review!
13.
How often does the Earth
make a complete rotation?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
As the Earth orbits the sun it rotates, or spins on its
axis. The axis is an imaginary line that passes
through Earth’s center and its North and South poles.
The Earth
makes one
full rotation
every 24
hours.
.
www.nmm.ac.uk/uploads/ gif/seasons-full.gif
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
Let’s Review!
14.
What happens during a solar
eclipse?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
A solar eclipse occurs
when Earth passes
through a new moon’s
shadow. During a
total solar eclipse, the
moon completely
covers the sun.
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 1: Lesson 1
Let’s Review!
15.
What makes sunspots dark?
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
What Are the Features of the Sun?
Sunspots are dark areas on
the surface of the sun.
Sunspots appear dark
because they are cooler than
the rest of the sun. Many
sunspots are larger than Earth.
www.tretipol.cz/ img/pic/9/sunspots.jpg
BrainPop: Sun
© Fall 2004, Pflugerville ISD
Unit D: Chapter 2: Lesson 1