Download evolution - MSDWT Sites

EVOLUTION
What’s the Big Idea?
OThe process of evolution
drives the diversity and
unity of life.
EVOLUTION
OChange in genetic
makeup of a population
over time
Why Study Evolution?
• Use in Medicine
– Overuse of antibiotics (ie. Tuberculosis)
– Treatment of HIV/AIDS and other viruses
• Understanding our environment
– Important in understanding species and their
habitats
– Many species have decreased in numbers
– Some have gone extinct
• Improving Agriculture
–Disease resistance crops
–Pest Control
Figure 22.2
1809
Lamarck publishes his
hypothesis of evolution.
1798
Malthus publishes
“Essay on the Principle
of Population.”
1812
1858
Cuvier publishes his extensive
studies of vertebrate fossils.
1795
Hutton proposes
his principle of
gradualism.
1830
Lyell publishes
Principles of Geology.
While studying species in
the Malay Archipelago,
Wallace (shown in 1848)
sends Darwin his hypothesis
of natural selection.
1790
1870
1809
183136
Charles Darwin
is born.
Darwin travels around
the world on HMS
Beagle.
1859
On the Origin of
Species is published.
1844
Darwin writes his
essay on descent
with modification.
The Galápagos Islands
Figure 22.4
Descent with Modification
• Species descend
from other species
and change over
time
Figure 22.5
Darwin in 1840,
after his return
from the
voyage
HMS Beagle in port
Great
Britain
EUROPE
NORTH
AMERICA
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
The
Galápagos
Islands
AFRICA
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Pinta
Genovesa
Santiago
Fernandina
Isabela
0
20
40
Kilometers
Daphne
Islands
Pinzón
Santa Santa
Cruz
Fe
Florenza
Equator
SOUTH
AMERICA
Equator
Chile
PACIFIC
OCEAN
San
Cristobal
Española
Andes Mtns.
Marchena
Brazil
Malay Archipelago
PACIFIC
OCEAN
AUSTRALIA
Cape of
Argentina Good Hope
Cape Horn
Tasmania
New
Zealand
Figure 22.5c
The
Galápagos
Islands
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Pinta
Genovesa
Marchena
Santiago
Fernandina
Isabela
0
20
40
Kilometers
Equator
Daphne
Islands
Pinzón
Santa Santa
Cruz
Fe
Florenza
San
Cristobal
Española
Figure 22.6
(b) Insect-eater
(a) Cactus-eater
(c) Seed-eater
Figure 22.9
Cabbage
Selection for
apical (tip) bud
Brussels
sprouts Selection for
axillary (side)
buds
Broccoli
Selection
for flowers
and stems
Selection
for stems
Selection
for leaves
Kale
Wild mustard
Kohlrabi
Figure 22.12a
(a) A flower mantid in Malaysia
Figure 22.12b
(b) A leaf mantid in Borneo
Figure 22.14
2,750,000
1
250,000 base pairs
2,500,000
Chromosome map
of S. aureus clone USA300
500,000
Key to adaptations
2,250,000
Methicillin resistance
Ability to colonize hosts
750,000
Increased disease severity
2,000,000
Increased gene exchange
(within species) and
toxin production
1,750,000
1,500,000
1,250,000
1,000,000
Figure 22.15
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Human
Cat
Whale
Bat
Figure 22.18
NORTH
AMERICA
Sugar
glider
AUSTRALIA
Flying
squirrel
Figure 26.7
Figure 22.16
Pharyngeal
pouches
Post-anal
tail
Chick embryo (LM)
Human embryo
Fraction of parent
isotope remaining
Figure 25.5
1
Accumulating
“daughter”
isotope
2
Remaining
“parent”
isotope
1
1
4
1
2
3
Time (half-lives)
8
1
4
16