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Evolution of the Planet • • • • • • Earth - 4.6 billion years old 46 yrs Earth born 4yrs First Animals 8 mths Dinosaurs extinct 4 hrs First Homo Sapiens 1 min Industrial Revolution Structure of the Earth Nickel & Iron.. 3000 to 5000˚C Inner…solid Outer…molten • Core •Mantle = 80% of earth… 2,800km deep. •Crust Oceanic (10k)… sima….more dense. Basalt, Magnesium & Silica Continental (60k).. . Less dense. Granite, Silica & Aluminium The continental crust floats on the oceanic crust. Astenosphere… weak molten rocks. The Moho • Lies in Litosphere seperating crust from mantle • Mohorovicic – 7 km below ocean plates and 30-50km below continents • 100 yrs ago – earth as layers • Earthquake waves travel at different speeds • Surface of earth is constantly changing • Exogenic(surface) processes i.e. weathering and erosion • Endogenic(internal) processes i.e. folding, faulting and vulcanicity
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