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Transcript 
Stains
Cheek Cells Without Stain
Cheek Cells with Simple Stain
(Methylene Blue)
Simple Stain: Negative Stain
Differential Stains: Gram Stain
Primary stain:
Crystal violet
Mordant:
Iodine
Decolorizing agent:
Alcohol-acetone
Counterstain:
Safranin
Color of
Gram +
Purple
Color of
Gram –
Purple
Purple
Purple
Purple
Colorless
Purple
Pink
Gram Positive and Gram Negative
Bacteria
Prokaryotic Cell Drawing
Outer membrane
Peptidoglycan
GRAM NEGATIVE
GRAM POSITIVE
Capsule Stain
Capsule Stain
Figure 3.12a-c
Acid-Fast and Non Acid-Fast
Endospore Stain: Ziehl-Neelsen
Figure 3.12a-c
Endospore Stain
Stain Comparisons
G+
(PURPLE)
G–
(PINK)
ACID
FAST
SPORE
STAIN
PRIMARY STAIN
Crystal violet Crystal violet Carbol
Fuschia
Malachite
green
MORDANT
Iodine
Heat
Heat
DECOLORIZER
ETOH or
ETOH or
acetone:
acetone:
Cell is purple Cell is clear
Acid
alcohol
Water
Iodine
COUNTER-STAIN Safranin:
Safranin:
Cell is purple Cell is pink
Methylene Safranin:
Blue
Spores are
green
Cell is pink
Flagella Stain
Flagella Stain
Figure 3.12a-c
Names for flagella arrangement
• Monotrichous
• Lophotrichous
• Amphitrichous
• Peritrichous
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