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CLASSIFICATION Of LIVING THINGS WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION? SORTING LIVING THINGS INTO GROUPS BASED ON THEIR SIMILARITIES WHY? We classify because: •Diversity creates a need to classify, so we…... •Sort living things into categories to…... •understand characteristics of living things. CLASSIFY LIVING THINGS ANIMALS PLANTS Leaves All year Lose Leaves Fur No Fur Taxonomy - the scientific study of how things are classified. ARISTOTLE • Made the first system of classification Carolus Linnaeus made today’s classification system. Binomial nomenclature: 2 part name based on shared characteristics. CANIS LUPUS The first part of the organism’s scientific name is its genus & it is capitalized. Genus is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms. CANIS lUPUS The 2nd part is the Species and it is lower case Recall, species are organisms that can mate and produce offspring CANIS lUPUS Why would you want to classify organisms ?? TO MAKE THINGS EASIER! Taxonomic Key or dichotomous key A series of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of organisms TWO DOMAINS: ARCHAE & EUKARYA Seven Levels of Classification: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Example of lion classification animals backbone mammal carniovre feline panther lion Animalia Chordato Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera Leo How do u remember the 7 levels? Use one of these mnemonics: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Do Kings Play Chess On Flat Glass Surfaces Do Kids Put Catsup On Fried Garlic Sandwiches OR create ur own! Living things grouped in 6 kingdoms: Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Archaebacteria Unicellular organisms that already existed billions of years before the dinosaurs. Scientist’s think they were the earliest form of life. Archaebacteria Live in extreme environments and can survive where no other organisms can. •Unicellular •Prokaryotes Eubacteria These bacteria are constantly on & around us. •Good (in yogurt) & bad (strep throat) bacteria •Unicellular •Prokaryotes Obtaining Food Some bacteria are autotrophic and make their own food the same way plants do. Others are heterotrophic which means they consume a variety of foods from milk to meat. 3 shapes of bacteria Bacillius – rod shaped Coccus – spherical Sprillia - spiral PROTISTS Have u ever walked on the beach and seen tangled piles of seaweed? Protist kingdom is called the odds and ends kingdom Some r autotrophs, some r heterotrpohs - most r unicellular but a few like seaweed r multicellular FUNGI Mushrooms, molds and mildews •Multicellular • heterotrophs •eukaryotes Exception: yeast is unicellular •Most feed on dead & decaying organisms PLANTS: •vascular & non-vascular •gymnosperms • angiosperms ANIMALS •Multicellular •Eukaryotes Dog, flea cat cow, monkey, wasp, tarantula, human, fish, worm, etc. THINK ABOUT IT... What name do we give bacteria? A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote Why do scientists classify organisms? A. For organization B. To determine where new organisms fit in C. A and B What is the genus and species name for man? A. Homo Sapiens B. Homo Erectus C. Homozygote How do autotrophs and heterotrophs differ? A. One goes thru mitosis & the other does not B. One makes its own food and the other does not Which kingdom consists of: Molds? Seaweed? Yeast? fungi protist fungi Helpful bacteria? eubacteria