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Polyketides
 Polyketides are secondary metabolites from bacteria,
fungi, plants, and animals. Secondary metabolites
seem to be unnecessary for an organism’s, but appear
to have applications such as defence and intercellular
communication.
 Polyketides are derived from the polymerization of
acetyl and propionyl subunits in a similar process to
fatty acid synthesis. They also serve as building blocks
for a broad range of natural products or are derivatized.
 Polyketides are structurally a very diverse family of
natural products with an extremely broad range of
biological activities and pharmacological properties.
 Polyketide antibiotics, antifungals, cytostatics,
anticholesterolemics, antiparasitics, coccidiostatics,
animal growth promotants and natural insecticides are
in commercial use.
Macrolides
 Picromycin, the first isolated macrolide (1950)
 The antibiotics erythromycin A, clarithromycin, and
azithromycin
 The immunosuppressanttacrolimus (FK506)
 Polyeneantibiotics
 Amphotericin
 Tetracyclines
 The tetracycline family of antibiotics