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Bacterial Infection and Pathogenesis infection • Conception • factors pathogen virulence、amount、route host non-specific immunity specific immunity environment source • exogenous infection patient carrier animal • endogenous infection normal flora latent pathogen transmission portals of entry of pathogen • • • • • respiratory tract gastrointestinal tract skin sex attach multiple types of bacterial infection • inapparent infection • apparent infection acute infection chronic infection local infection systemic infection types of systemic infection • • • • • bacteremia toxemia endotoxemia septicemia pyemia） pathogenesis • • • • • pathogen pathogenicity virulence LD50 / ID50 毒力基因的表达及其调节 pathogenicity isoland，PAI） two-component signal transduction system cell signal transduction bacterial pathogenicity • virulence invasiveness toxin • numbers • portals of entry invasiveness • adherence） pilus: type I pili，P pilus CFA/I，CFA/II adhesin • capsule，microcapsule • bacterial biofilm • invasive enzyme E. coli Type 1 fimbriae (adhesin) Mannose Bladder biofilm 20 mm biofilm 细菌生物膜 粘附、增殖、成熟、脱落 exotoxin • Definition: a soluble protein toxin usually secreted from a living bacterium. • Origin and release: produced by Gram-positive bacteria as well as Gram-negative cells • Physical and chemical properties: proteins and usually heat-labile. exotoxin • neurotoxin • cytotoxin • entrotoxin endotoxin • Origin and release: produced only by Gram-negative bacteria and released only when bacteria lyze. • Chemical and physical properties: lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria; heat-stable Biological activity of endotoxin • • • • • • fever leukopenia endotoxemia shock DIC Enhance the non-specific immunity
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