Download What is DNA?

DNA Discovery - 1953
• James Watson & Francis Crick
• Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins
• Important discovery
What is DNA?
• Definition
• DNA & chromosomes
• Cell nucleus
• Genetic information
• Proteins
DNA Structure
• Double helix
1. Twisted ladder
2. Compact
• Sides of ladder
1. Sugars and
phosphates
2. No inheritance
function
DNA Structure (cont.)
• Rungs of ladder
1. Two nitrogen bases
2. Adenine, thymine, guanine
cytosine
3. Base pairs
4. Pattern of base
pairs
DNA Replication
• DNA unzips
• Nucleotide
1. Sugar, phosphate and
nitrogen base
2. Cell nucleus
• Nucleotides/unzipped
strands
• Sugar & phosphates
Protein Synthesis
• Base sequence
1. Definition
2. 100-1,000 bases long
3. Forms a code
4. Examples (condensed)
AGTTC = human muscle protein
CGAGTTCG = human skin protein
TAGGCT = earthworm protein
CCAGATCGA = bacteria protein
HUMAN INSULIN
agaagaggcc
ccctgtggat
cctctgggga
cacctgtgcg
tgtgcgggga
ccgggaggca
ggcgggggcc
tggaggggtc
ctgtaccagc
tgcaactaga
cctcctgcac
atcaagcaga
gcgcctcctg
cctgacccag
gctcacacct
acgaggcttc
gaggacctgc
ctggtgcagg
cctgcagaag
atctgctccc
cgcagcccgc
cgagagagat
tcactgtcct
cccctgctgg
ccgcagcctt
ggtggaagct
ttctacacac
aggtggggca
cagcctgcag
cgtggcattg
tctaccagct
aggcagcccc
ggaataaagc
tctgccatgg
cgctgctggc
tgtgaaccaa
ctctacctag
ccaagacccg
ggtggagctg
cccttggccc
tggaacaatg
ggagaactac
ccacccgccg
ccttgaacc
Protein Synthesis (cont.)
• Problem
1. DNA in nucleus
2. Proteins built in cytoplasm
• RNA – ribonucleic acid
1. Ribose sugar
2. One side of ladder
3. Uracil not thymine
Protein Synthesis (cont.)
• Building a protein
1. DNA unzips
2. RNA reads code
3. RNA brings code
to cytoplasm
4. Protein built
on ribosome