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Diversity of Life Classification is the grouping of things according to internal and external characteristics The science of classifying organisms is known as taxonomy Aristotle grouped animals according to the way they moved ◦ Walk ◦ Fly ◦ Swim HUGE problem since birds and bees were classified in the same group! Developed by Linnaeus Two-name system Each organism has a genus and a species name First name (genus); second name (species) Combination of the genus and species name of an organism Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined: (Genus is capitalized & species name is lower-case) Domain Order Kingdom Family Phylum Genus Class Species D id K ing P hillip C ome O ver F or G ood S oup Domain ◦ Bacteria – (prokaryotic) no nucleus Unicellular Reproduce asexually by diving in two Come in 3 basic shapes rod, round and spiral Examples: strep, E. coli, salmonella Archaea – (prokaryotic) no nucleus ◦ Unicellular ◦ Different from any other form of life chemically ◦ Can live in extreme conditions Thermophiles (heat) Halophiles (salt) Methanogens (methane) Eukarya – (eukaryotic) has nucleus ◦ Unicellular (protists and some fungi) ◦ Multicellular (plants, animals and some fungi) ◦ Have a nucleus Contain 4 kingdoms each with different characteristics Protista Animalia Plantae Fungi Unicellular or very simple multicellular Can be: ◦ Plant-like – autotrophs (producer) diatoms, algae, volvox, euglena ◦ Animal-like – heterotrophs (consumer) Ameba, paramecium, euglena Based on locomotion Cilia –little hairs (ciliates like the paramecium) flagellum(a) – whip like tail (flagellates like the euglena) pseudopod(s -ia) –false feet (sarcodines like the ameba) ◦ Fungus-like – saprotrophs (decomposer) slime mold Multicellular Very DIVERSE Heterotrophs (consumers) Examples: ox, people, bear, goose, octopus, narwhal, fish, birds, insects, spiders and MANY MORE Multicellular Autotrophs (producers) Examples: trees, flowering, mosses, water plants Mostly multicellular except for yeast Saprotrophs (decomposers) 3 main groups: ◦ Mushrooms ◦ Molds ◦ Yeasts are unicellular (single-celled) Can be harmful (cause diseases) or helpful (edible, used to make food and medicine)