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Reducing the incidence of Clinical Mastitis Possible Mastitis Targets per 100 cows per year -No. cases; 30 cases from 20 cows, max 3 ill. -Tube use: 100 clinical 340 dry -SCC < 250 000 -Culling 4 What is Mastitis • Inflammation of the udder most commonly due to bacterial infection. • Grading: • Grades: - Normal • - Subclinical (high SCC) • - Clinical – Grade 1 (abnormal milk but cow normal) • - Grade 2 - (abnormal milk+ udder changes • (swollen/hot/painful 2A = acute • 2C = chronic • - Grade 3(abnormal milk, udder changes and cow ill, toxic) • Use:- help decide on a treatment plan: • I/M tube +/- injection +/- I/V fluids- the 3 F’s), • - decide if milk sampling is necessary to identify the bacteria Where does the infection come from ? • Contageous ; Environmental • • • Staph. Aureus Strep. Agalactiae Strep. Uberis Uberis Mycoplasma moulds C. bovis • • • • • • • E.coli Strep. Yeasts and Pasturella Simplified examples: Grade 1- Staph, Strep, E.coli Grade 2A- Staph, Strep, E.coli,C.pyogenes(dry cows) Grade 2C- Staph (S. aureus) Grade 3- E. coli, C.pyogenes Factors Affecting The Incidence of Mastitis • 1/Cow Factors • 2/Milking Machine Factors • 3/Environmental Factors • 4/Human Factors • 5/Nutritional Factors 1- Cow Factors -Genetic selection -Yield -Anatomy - udder conformation • - teat • conformation -Behavior -Intercurrent disease (BVD,lepto,Dig.derm) -Cell counts (Staph aureus carriers) 2- Milking Machine Factors -vacuum levels (cause teat damage) -vacuum reserve -Liner wear 3- Environmental Factors Cubicle management and hygiene • Straw yard management • (2-3 tons/yr, dry) • Stock density • 8.0sq.m /cow • ventilation (squelch test) Tubes Used Per Month 5000 4000 3000 2006 2007 2000 1000 0 Jan. May Sep. 4- Human Factors stockmanship (attention to detail) herdsperson:cow ratio 5- Nutritional Factors metabolic disease -ve E.balance • intercurrent disease(BVD) • vit. E/selenium def. How can we reduce the cost of treament: • • • • • Reduce the incidence: Attention to the 5 (7) point plan. Use Orbiseal (Nick Butler from Pfizer) Better Targeting of Treatment: milk Sampling (Grade 2C, Grade 3, herd with a problem) • What is the benefit:- identify the bacteria • - test sensitivity Preventing new infections: the five(seven) point plan 1- teat management • 2- milking machine • maintenance • 3 - Treatment of • clinical cases • 4 - Dry cow therapy • 5 - culling problem • cows • 6 - Environmental • management • 7 - Nutrition Monitoring the True Mastitis Position in the Herd • Quarters should not receive more than 3 separate courses of therapy within 1 lactation without veterinary review • Mastitis Records: to monitor individual cows and identify possible cull cases. Which Tube/ Treatment to Use: Milking Cow Tubes Tetra Delta Synuilox Pirsue Leo Yellow Lincocin Forte S Pathocef Orbenin LA Cephaguard LC Lactatrim Injection Synulox Cephaguard Framomycin Tylan Summary: Aiming to reduce the cost of Mastitis: • Monitoring Mastitis Levels: • (tube use, record sheets) • to spot problems early. • Grading to Decide on a Treatment Plan • Identifying the Pathogen - allows the source of infection to be spotted - Sensitivity tests allow the most appropriate antibiotic to be chosen