Download fundamentals of nursing

FUNDAMENTALS
OF NURSING
LESSON #17
BASIC
STERILE
TECHNIQUE
TERMINOLOGY
 ASEPSIS:
The
absence of disease causing
organisms
TERMINOLOGY
 AUTOCLAVE:
A
device to sterilize equipment and supplies
 Subjects items to high pressure steam
 Usually 121 °C or higher
 For typically 15 to 20 minutes
TERMINOLOGY
 CONTAMINATED:
The
presence of a minor and
unwanted constituent
Can be metal, chemical or a mixture
Can be at the trace level
To make impure of unclean by contact
or mixture
TERMINOLOGY
 FLORA:
 The
mixture of organisms regularly found
at any anatomical site
 Carried on skin and mucous membranes
 These areas are constantly in contact with
environmental organisms
 Become readily colonized by various
microbial species
TERMINOLOGY
 PATHOGEN:
An
agent that causes disease
Especially a living microorganism
such as a bacterium
TERMINOLOGY
 BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS:
Antibiotics
that work against a wide
range of disease-causing bacteria
Also works against both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria
A common broad-spectrum antibiotic
for surgical pts is Levofloxacin
(Levaquin)
TERMINOLOGY
STERILE:
A
state of being free from
biological contaminates
TERMINOLOGY
 STERILE FIELD:
A
specified area that is considered
free of microorganisms
TERMINOLOGY
 SURGICAL ASEPSIS:
Techniques
used to destroy all
pathogenic organisms before they
can enter the body
BASIC STERILE TECHNIQUE
 The Seven Keys of Asepsis
 1. Know what is clean
 2. Know what is contaminated
 3. Know what is sterile
 4. Keep clean, contaminated, and sterile items
separated
 5. Keep sterile sites sterile
 6. Resolve contamination immediately
 7. Train yourself to realize when you have broken
technique
WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 DEFINITIONS
Asepsis
Sterile
Endogenous:
from within the
body
Exogenous: from outside the body
(think exit!)
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 STERILE FIELD:
A
specified area that is considered free of
microorganisms
 Includes surface & equipment
 Must never be covered
 Must always be in view
 Be established immediately before
procedure
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGICAL ASEPSIS:
Incisions
or punctures of the skin
When skin is broken or compromised
When insertion of devices or
instruments into a sterile cavity is
warranted
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 STERILE CONSCIOUS:
Develop
mindset that guides you
to act appropriately to maintain
sterility
Nurse will be the one to set the
example!!!!
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 PRINCIPLES:
All
items in field must be sterile
A sterile barrier that has been
damaged is contaminated
Edges of opened sterile container
are no longer sterile
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 PRINCIPLES:
 Gowns:
sterile from waist to chest
 Sleeves: fingertips to elbows
 Draped tables: at table level
 Any question: then unsterile
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 STERILE GLOVING:
 Does
not replace hand washing
 Demonstration…
 STERILE FIELD:
 Sterile
kit may be used as sterile field
 Table may be draped with sterile draped
 Look for sterile indicators on packaging
 Check outside of packaging for spills, leaks,
etc.
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
Sterile markings
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 OPENING A STERILE PACKAGE:
Away
from you
Side
Side
Toward
you
STEPS TO CLOSING A STERILE PACK
STEPS TO OPENING A STERILE PACK
CLOSED
PACK
SIDE
AWAY
SIDE
TOWARDS
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 KEEPING SOLUTIONS STERILE:
 Verify
contents and expiration dates
 Remove cap and seal from bottle
 Inside of cap must remain sterile
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 KEEPING SOLUTIONS STERILE:
 Poor
solution without splashing
 Maintain safe distance from sterile
field
 Solution contaminated after 24 hrs
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 PATIENT/FAMILY TEACHING:
Wound
care at home:
Hand hygiene
Food prep
Linens
Waste containers/smell
Body fluid spills
THE END!!!!!