Download pathogenic bacteria

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Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
BACTERIA
2014
IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA
a part of food chain
 symbiotic bacteria
 pathogenic bacteria
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A PART OF FOOD CHAIN
saprophytic bacteria > decomposers
 they mineralize organic substances into
inorganic
 decomposition of proteins > ammonia >
nitrites and nitrates = a source of
nitrogenous nutrition !
 food pyramid
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SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA
nodule bacteria live in symbiosis with
French bean plants
 on roots in small club roots
 they receive air oxygen > transfer into
nitrites
 nitrates are a source of nitrogen for the
plant
 plant gives organic substances to bacteria
as a source of nutrition
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SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA
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E. coli
they live in the large intestine
they convert rests of not digested food into
faeces
Doderlein lactobacillus:
in the vagina
they create acids > keep pH between 4,0 – 4,5
> they inhibit the growth of the yeast
intestines of ruminants, termites
they decompose cellulose
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
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a lot of bacteria on our body:
some of them do not harm, if the immunity is not
weakened
streptococcus pneumoniae:
in the throat of most healthy people
weakening of immunity > reproduction > pneumonia
E. coli:
reproduction > diarrhoea
important microbiologists:
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
mycobacterium tuberculosis:
 multiple reproduction
 they penetrate into tissues > they cause
suppuration
 most often in lungs, bones, kidneys
 tuberculosis
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PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
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clostridium botulinum:
creation of poisonous substances = toxins
in anaerobic environment of pets or in cans
fatal poisoning = botulism
clostridium tetani:
it lives in the soil
toxin causes muscular cramps
cramps of neck and chewing muscular system >
choking
tetanus
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
vibrio cholerae:
 toxin causes heavy diarrhoea
 Transfer by contaminated water
 Salmonella typhi:
 abdominal typhoid
 Salmonella:
 salmonella
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PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
transfer of infection:
 direct contact
 indirectly by the contact with objects
 infection by air ways:
 droplets - they develop by speaking,
sneezing, cough
 > they dry > infection dust
 angina, scarlet fever, pneumonia, TBC,
diphtheria, pertusis (whooping cough)
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PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
transfer through contaminated water and
food:
 salmonella, abdominal typhoid, cholera
 dysentery – Shigella dysenteriae
 the most dangerous bacterial disease:
 anthrax – Bacillus anthracis
 3 forms:
 skin, intestinal and pulmonary forms
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PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
sexually transmitted diseases:
 Treponema pallidum
 syphilis
 I. so called firm ulcer on sexual organs
 II. skin rash appears
 III. afflicted: vessels, nerves, liver, bones,
degeneration of brain
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PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoea
 gonorrhoea
 inflammation of mucous
membrane on sexual organs
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THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA
1) production of antibiotics
 soil bacteria Streptomyces :
 streptomycin, aureomycin, tetracycline
 2) other bacteria produce vitamins and amino
acids
 3) lactic and acetic bacteria in the industry
 4) bacteria for cleaning of sewerage water
 5) genetic engineering
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SOURCES
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KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN 80-7168714-6.
CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc:
Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0.
ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN 8086960-15-3.
ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003,
797 s. ISBN 80-718-3268-5