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Prokaryotes EQ: How can I describe how prokaryotes vary in structure and function? Classifying Prokaryotes • • • • Unicellular No nucleus DNA in cytoplasm Domains: Bacteria or Archaea Bacteria Bacteria include a wide range of organisms; many phyla are needed to classify this group. Archaea vs. Bacteria Important differences: • Cell walls • Cell membranes • DNA sequences • Harsh environments Prokaryotes: Size, Shape, and Movement Prokaryotes vary in size, shape, and movement. Bacilli Cocci Type of Movement by prokaryotes •None • Propelled by flagella • Glide on secretions Spirilla Size • 1-5 micrometers • Much smaller than eukaryotes Prokaryotes: Nutrition and Metabolism Prokaryotes: Nutrition and Metabolism Prokaryotes: Reproduction and Change Prokaryotes reproduce quickly using binary fission (asexual reproduction). conjugation endospore Decomposers By assisting in breaking down dead organisms, prokaryotes supply raw materials in the environment. Bacteria of the genus Rhizobium Cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena Bacteria called actinomycetes Producers Food chains everywhere are dependent upon prokaryotes as producers of food and biomass. Nitrogen Fixers Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and archaea provide 90% of atmospheric nitrogen. Prokaryotes Overview Classification: • Bacteria • Archaea • Diverse • • • • Size Shape Movement Metabolism Ecologically important
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