Download Unit 5, Part 7-European Middle Ages

The Middle Ages
The Changes of the Late Middle Ages
Mr. Pagliaro
Key Idea…
 In the 1300s, the foundations of Europe
were rocked by religious scandal, disease,
and warfare
Vocabulary
 Terms
– Babylonian Captivity
– The Great Schism (aka
the Western Schism)
– bubonic plague
– Hundred Years’ War
– dauphin
– War of the Roses
 Names
–
–
–
–
–
Avignon
John Wycliffe
Jan Hus
Joan of Arc (Jean d’Arc)
House of Tudor
Babylonian Captivity: 1307-1378
 Philip IV (France) vs. Boniface VIII (Pope)
– Issue: Taxing clergy
– Estates-General created
– French soldiers arrest Pope
 Died shortly after
– French cardinals elect a French Pope (Clement V)
 Avignon
– Pope = puppet of French King
 ie-Attack on Knights Templar
Avignon
TWO POPES!?!
 Great Schism-1378 to 1417
– Rome (Urban VI) vs. Avignon
(Clement VII)
– People upset with Church issues
 John Wycliffe-Translated Bible into
English
– Promoted separation of Church and state
– Promoted church poverty, simple clergy
 Jan Hus (John Huss)-Renounced
BOTH popes
– Excommunicated, burned at stake
 Council of Constance (1414)
– Re-established Papacy in Rome
The Black Death
 The following is the creation of Susan Pojer,
a teacher in Chappaqua, NY
Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NY
The Disease Cycle
Flea drinks rat blood
that carries the
bacteria.
Bacteria
multiply in
flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and
regurgitates blood
into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged
with bacteria.
The Culprits
The Symptoms
Bulbous (Buboes)
Septicemic Form:
almost 100%
mortality rate.
1347: Plague Reaches
Constantinople!
From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411
Lancing a Buboe
Medieval Art & the Plague
Medieval Art & the Plague
Bring out your dead!
Medieval Art & the Plague
An obsession
with death.
Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their
friends and dinner with their
ancestors.
The Danse Macabre
Attempts to Stop the Plague
A Doctor’s
Robe
“Leeching”
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellants:
Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!
Attempts to Stop the Plague
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle”
obligatory badge
Pograms against the Jews
Death Triumphant !:
A Major Artistic Theme
A Little Macabre Ditty
“A sickly season,” the merchant said,
“The town I left was filled with dead,
and everywhere these queer red flies
crawled upon the corpses’ eyes,
eating them away.”
“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said,
“They crawled upon the wine and bread.
Pale priests with oil and books,
bulging eyes and crazy looks,
dropping like the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (2)
“I had to laugh,” the merchant said,
“The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled;
“And proved through solemn disputation
“The cause lay in some constellation.
“Then they began to die.”
“First they sneezed,” the merchant said,
“And then they turned the brightest red,
Begged for water, then fell back.
With bulging eyes and face turned black,
they waited for the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (3)
“I came away,” the merchant said,
“You can’t do business with the dead.
“So I’ve come here to ply my trade.
“You’ll find this to be a fine brocade (cloth)…”
And then he sneezed……….!
The Mortality Rate
35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!
What were the
political,
economic,
and social effects
of the Black Death??
Effects of Plague





Trade declined. Prices rose.
People demanded higher pay.
Peasant riots in Western Europe.
Attacks on Jews.
Church prestige lost.
– Priests abandoned duties.
The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
 Causes:
– Death of Philip IV of France and sons by 1328
 Possible end of Capetian Dynasty
– French claimant: Philip of Valois
– English claimant: King Edward III, grandson of Philip
IV
– English held lands in France
– Flanders
 Wool industry
 Use English wool
English Success
 Mostly raids, not long
battles
– Crecy (1346)
 Foot soldiers defeat knights
– Longbow
– Poitiers (1356)
 Gap due to Plague
 Capture French king
– Caused French peasant revolts
Issues for England
 1399: King Richard abdicated throne
– Unpopular tyrant (taxes)
 Henry, duke of Lancaster, became King Henry IV
– Did not resume war
Final Phases
 Battle of Agincourt (1415)-English Victory
– Treaty (1420)-Henry V of England gained French crown
upon death of Charles VI
 Both died in 1422!
 Joan of Arc (Jean d’Arc)-supported claims of
Charles VII (F)
– Rallied French troops at Siege of Orleans (1429)
 Charles crowned
– Captured in 1430, tried as a witch, burned at stake
Joan of Arc (1412-1432)
 Inspiration for French resurgence
Impact of Hundred Years’ War
 French expelled English from kingdom 1453
 Change in European warfare
 English Turmoil over defeat
– War of the Roses (1453-1487)
 Henry Tudor, House of Lancaster def. the House of York
Why it matters now…
 Age of Faith ended
– Schism, scandal, the role of the Church in the
plague, and excessive wealth turned people off
 Age of Chivalry/Fedualism ended
– No use for knights/castles with introduction of guns
– Deaths of nobles in Plague, Hundred Years’ War and
War of the Roses further weakened feudalism
Unit Summary
 The High Middle Ages saw changes in
society in terms of…
– A Middle Class
– Changes from a Christian continent to individual
kingdoms