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Chair of Medical Biology, Microbiology,
Virology, and Immunology
CLASSIFICATION AND MORPHOLOGY
OF BACTERIA.
Lecturer As. Prof. O. Pokryshko
Classifications system.
Bergey's Manual
of Determinative Bacteriology – the
"bible" of bacterial taxonomy.
There
are
such
levels
of
microorganisms’
organization:
Species – Genus – Family – Class –
Division – Kingdom
35 of the major groups of bacteria are
distinguished primarily on morphological
characteristics, namely: cell shapes (rods,
cocci, curved, or filament forming); spore
production; staining reactions; motility.
Other groups are defined based on their
metabolism,
or
combinations
of
morphological
and
physiological
characteristics.
Some of the Major Groups of Bacteria
in Bergey's Manual
Very slender rods that are helically
coiled around a central axial filament;
Spirochetes
includes the bacteria that cause
syphilis and Lyme disease
Bacteria that have a cell wall structure
Gram-positive that results in their staining bluepurple by the Gram stain procedure
cocci
and that are spherical; include the
streptococci and staphylococci
Bacteria that form heat-resistant bodies
Endosporeforming rods and called endospores within their cells;
include the bacteria that cause gas
cocci
gangrene, botulism, tetanus, and
anthrax
Bacteria (Sing. Bacterium)

Small, single-celled (unicellular) organisms.

Procaryotes: “Before nucleus”.
Lack the following structures:
 Nuclear
membrane around DNA
 Membrane
bound organelles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Golgi
apparatus
Endoplasmic
Lysosomes
reticulum
Property
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
0.5 - 10μm
5-100μm
Present in all bacteria
Except in Mycoplasma
Present in Fungi & Algae
No Sterol Except in
Mycoplasma
Has sterols
4- Nuclear
Membrane
Absent
Present
5- Nucleus
Absent
Present
6- Chromosome
Single chromosom
[not associtred with
protein
More than one
[associated with histone]
7- Mitochondria
Absent
Present
Sedimentation coefficient
70S
Sedimentation coefficient
80S
Asexual (binary fusion)
Sexual & Asexual
Bacteria, Chlamydia,
Rickettsiae
Fungi & Protozoa
1- Size
2- Cell Wall
3- Cytoplasmic
Membrane
8- Ribosome
9- Reproduction
10- Example
Bacterial Identification and
Classification








Shape - cocci, bacilli, spiral
Arrangement - single, pairs, chains,
clusters
Size
Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative
Aerobic vs. anaerobic
Physical/structural characteristics
Biochemical characteristics
DNA analysis
The Dimension of Bacteria
Relative size of a bacterial cell compared
to other cells including viruses.
Gross morphology of bacteria


Size - 1 to 10 mm - aids in identification
Shape
Coccus - round
Bacillus - rod
- Fusiform, coccobacilli
Spirillum - corkscrew
- Flexible, undulating - spirochetes
- Curved - vibrios
Cocci groupings
Coccus
Diplococcus
Streptococcus
Tetrad
Sarcinae
Staphylococcus
Chains of cocci
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clusters of cocci
Staphylococcus aureus
Sputum smear
Bacillus shaped bacteria
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Bacillus shaped bacteria
Fusobacterium
Bacillus chains
Bacillus anthracis
Palisades arrangement
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Curved bacteria
Vibrio cholerae
Campylobacter
Curved bacteria
Spirilla
Borrelia burgdorferi