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Ecological Interactions in Massachusetts Bay A guide to how the MWRA Harbor and Outfall Monitoring Program evaluates the ecological system in Massachusetts Bay Carlton D. Hunt, Ph.D. Battelle OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 Why show ecological interactions? Concern that discharge in Massachusetts Bay does not adversely disrupt the specific ecological compartments or linkages Monitoring focus is on measuring compartments that can be repeatedly sampled and measured quantitatively Parameters of major interest are those that • • • • ecologically important respond early to perturbation indicate longer-term response provide explanatory information Context of these compartments and monitoring are best shown through a ecological diagram Thresholds are the key pulse points that indicate a OMSAP Public Meeting response is potentially unacceptable September 1999 Concerns Ecological Nutrients Contaminants Organic Material Food Chain Community Structure Living Resources Human Health Contaminants Bacteria Viruses Bioaccumulation ATMOSPHERE Light Gas Exchange WATER COLUMN N2, | O2, CO2 Outflow Inflow Sources Rivers Boundary Nonpoint Effluents Planktivorous Fish Phytoplankton Mammals Piscivorous Fish Dissolved Zooplankton Microbes Particulate Demersal Fish Detritus Regeneration N, P, Si, O2, CO2 SEDIMENT Epibenthos Microbes Infauna Concerns Ecological Nutrients Contaminants Organic Material Food Chain Community Structure Living Resources Human Health Contaminants Bacteria Viruses Bioaccumulation ATMOSPHERE Light Gas Exchange WATER COLUMN N2, | O2, CO2 Outflow Inflow Sources Rivers Boundary Nonpoint Effluents Planktivorous Fish Phytoplankton Mammals Piscivorous Fish Dissolved Zooplankton Microbes Particulate Demersal Fish Detritus Regeneration N, P, Si, O2, CO2 SEDIMENT Epibenthos Microbes Infauna Concerns Ecological Nutrients Contaminants Organic Material Food Chain Community Structure Living Resources Human Health Contaminants Bacteria Viruses Bioaccumulation ATMOSPHERE Light Gas Exchange WATER COLUMN N2, | O2, CO2 Outflow Inflow Sources Rivers Boundary Nonpoint Effluents Planktivorous Fish Phytoplankton Mammals Piscivorous Fish Dissolved Zooplankton Microbes Particulate Demersal Fish Detritus Regeneration N, P, Si, O2, CO2 SEDIMENT Epibenthos Microbes Infauna Concerns Ecological Nutrients Contaminants Organic Material Food Chain Community Structure Living Resources Human Health Contaminants Bacteria Viruses Bioaccumulation ATMOSPHERE Light Gas Exchange WATER COLUMN N2, | O2, CO2 Outflow Inflow Sources Rivers Boundary Nonpoint Effluents Planktivorous Fish Phytoplankton Mammals Piscivorous Fish Dissolved Zooplankton Microbes Particulate Demersal Fish Detritus Regeneration N, P, Si, O2, CO2 SEDIMENT Epibenthos Microbes Infauna
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