Download Unit 2=> Microbiology

II. Kingdoms of Bacteria
A. 2 Kingdoms
1. Archebacteria
a. Methanogens
1) oxygen-free environments
2) Use HS, CO2, N2 as
energy
-Give off methane
3) Ex’s- swamps, sewage
areas
b. Extreme Halophiles
1) High salt concentration
2) Ocean not enough (3.5%)
-Great Salt Lake, Dead
c. Hyperthermophyles
1) Need high
temps
2) +80 degrees C’
3) Hot springs,
Sulfur Springs
2. Bacteria
a. heterotrophs
1) need outside
food source
2)means:
1) parasite
2) saprophyte- def.
b. Autotrophs
*photosynthetic
-chlorophyll
B. More about Archebacteria
-chemosynthetic
-obtain energy from the
breakdown of inorganic
substances (S & N)
Chemosynthesis point of interest:
=> Nitrogen fixation
1) Nitrogen- primary component
of our protein
2) how do we get it?
Atmosphere:
Nitrogen (N)78%
Oxygen (O)18%
Carbon dioxide(CO2)- 1%
Rest (He,H,etc.)- 1%
3) Bacteria “fix” the Nitrogen
a.Make unusable N into Nitrates
and Nitrites
N => NO & NO
2
2
3
b. We then can utilize the
previously unusable nitrogen
to make protein
B. Structure
1. No membrane bound
organelles
2. Circular DNA (Prokaryote)
-plasmid
3. Classified by shape &
arrangement:
Diplo-
StaphyloStrepto-
C. Your turn: find the def.’s for the
following terms from your packets:
 Penicillin (how it works)
 Include “osmotic rupture”
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Aerobes
Anaerobes
Endospores
Binary Fission
Sexual Reproduction (parts involved)
Nitrogen Fixation