Download The Plankton

The Microbial World
Chapters 5, 15
The Marine Environment
Plankton Collection
Plankton
Classification
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Megaplankton 20-200 cm
Macroplankton 2-20 cm
Mesoplankton 0.2-20 mm
Microplankton 20-200 μm
Nanoplankton 2-20 μm
Picoplankton 0.2-2 μm
Metabolism
• Metabolism- all chemical reactions that occur in an
organism.
• Autotrophic- requiring carbon dioxide and a source of
energy for the synthesis of organic molecules
(glucose).
– Photoautotrophs- absorb light energy from the sun.
– Chemoautotrophs- derive energy from chemical compounds.
• Heterotrophic- requiring complex organic compounds;
obtains energy by consuming organic matter.
Bacteria and Archaea
Photosynthetic Prokaryotes
• Kingdom- Bacteria
– Phylum- Cyanophyta
Cyanophyta
• Characteristics
• ExamplesOscillatoria,
Synechococcus,
Synechocystis.
Cyanobacterial Cell
Cyanophyta- Gram Negative Bacteria
• Gram positive- peptidoglycan layer; stains with crystal
violet.
• Gram negative- peptidoglycan layer sandwiched by
lipopolysaccharide and protein layers; does not stain
with crystal violet.
Global O2 from photosynthesis
• 80% comes from marine cyanobacteria.
– Synechococcus
– Synechocystis
• 20% comes from terrestrial systems.
– 5% of this comes from tropical rainforests.
Stromatolites
Archaea
• Prokaryotic
• Extremophiles
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Hydrothermal vents
Hypersaline basins
Highly acidic env.
Highly alkaline env.
Photosynthetic Protista (the algae)
• Dinophytadinoflagellates.
• Haptophytahaptophytes.
• Heterokontophytaheterokont algae.
– Xanthophyceae- yellowgreen algae.
– Bacillariophyceaediatoms.
Dinophyta- dinoflagellates
• Characteristics
• Examples- Ceratium,
Pfiesteria.
Pfiesteria piscicida
Haptophyta- haptophytes
• Characteristics
• Examples- Prymnesium,
Phaeocystis.
Heterokontophytaheterokonts
Xanthophyceae- yellow-green algae
• Characteristics
• Examples- Vaucheria.
Bacillariophyceae- diatoms
• Characteristics
• Examples- Coscinodiscus,
Chaetoceros.
Frustule Morphology
The Protozoans
• Granuloreticulosaforaminiferans.
• Polycystina- radiolarians.
• Ciliophora- ciliates.
Granuloreticulosa- foraminiferans
• Characteristics
• Example- Globigerina.
Pink Beaches of Bermuda
Polycystina- radiolarians
• Characteristics
• ExampleHexacontium.
Various Radiolarians
Ciliophora- ciliates
• Characteristics
• Examples- Strombilidium,
Tintinnopsis.
Fig. 5.14
Kingdom Fungi
• Characteristics
• ExampleAspergillus.