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The Three Domains Classification in Biology © J Beauchemin 2006 All living things can be classified as either… 1. Archaea 2. Bacteria 3. Eukarya • This diagram shows the relationships between many • different types of organisms. Where do humans fit in? Are we a major part of the tree of life? Archaea • Prokaryotes (do not have nuclei) • Unicellular; cell wall present • The piece “archae-” means… – Old/ ancient – These are similar to the first living things on Earth! • First discovered in the 1970’s • These organisms look like bacteria but their genes are very different Archaea • They are known as • • • EXTREMOPHILES! Extremo = extreme Phile = loving These organisms LOVE EXTREME environments such as… Hot Springs (thermophiles) Deep Sea (halophiles) Archaea Hot springs Deep sea vents Bacteria • Like Archaea, these are unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls • May be aerobic or anaerobic… meaning? – Aerobic needs O2, anaerobic does not • Bacteria are named based on their shapes… Bacteria Cocci Bacilli Other Sphere-shaped Rod-shaped Helical, commashaped, corkscrewshaped Eukarya • Unicellular or multicellular – Multicellularity is unique to the Eukarya • Eukaryotes: cells have nuclei • Inside of cells are highly organized • Sexual reproduction – Genetic variation fuels evolution • Broken down into four kingdoms Eukarya: Protists • The Kingdom Protista is a mixed group • Unicellular or multicellular • Varied cell structure • Examples: Ameba Algae Eukarya: Fungi • The Kingdom Fungi include mostly multicellular organisms • Cells have cell walls • Includes… molds mushrooms Eukarya: Plants • The Kingdom Plantae includes vascular and nonvascular plants – Vascular plants have roots, stems and leaves • All plant cells have cell walls • Includes: moss sunflowers Eukarya: Animals • The Kingdom Animalia includes multicellular organisms with no cell walls • Examples: snail lionfish black bear Summary! • • • • Ribosomes: little dots/ these make proteins DNA: genetic material Flagellum: tail that helps it move Cell wall: protects the cell • Plasma membrane: holds the cell together • Nucleus: holds the DNA/ brain of the cell
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