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Taxonomy • The science of naming and classifying organisms Basic characteristics of living things Cells Metabolism Homeostasis Heredity Evolution Reproduction History of Taxonomy • Aristotle was one of the first to tackle scientific classification – Grouped organisms together by similar structures History Continued • Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) – “father of taxonomy” – Pioneer for modern classification of plants and animals Linnaeus’ Innovations • System was set up as a pyramid – Largest, most general relationships first, then more specific • Binomial system – Name has two parts (ex. Canis familiris) – Latin word roots Human Classification • • • • • • • • Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapien Phylogeny • The evolutionary history of a species • Shown through classification Phylogeny • Sweet website • Sweeter website Levels of Classification Domain Dr. Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Came Order Over Family For Genus Grape Species Soda Domains • Bacteria- prokaryote • Archaea- prokaryote, different RNA and memebranes than Bacteria • Eukarya- eukaryote – Further broken down into 4 kingdoms. Domain • ARCHAEA: prokaryotic, with no membrane bound organelles (Extremophiles) Salt loving, nuclearwaste bacteria Domain – BACTERIA: prokaryotic, with no membrane bound organelles (Bacteria) E. coli Domain Eukarya Kingdom: – PROTISTA- unicellular (colonial unicellular) and eukaryotic, possess membrane bound organelles (Paramecium, Algae) Malaria Domain Eukarya Kingdom: – FUNGI-non-motile multicellular heterotrophsCANNOT photsynthesize (Mold, Mushrooms, Yeasts) Domain Eukarya Kingdom: – PLANTAE- multicellular non-motile eukaryotes that perform photosynthesis Domain Eukarya Kingdom: – ANIMALIAmulticellular and eukaryotic, distinct nucleus, heterotrophs, motile Current Method of Classification • The system set up by Linnaeus is still used • System is now roughly based on evolutionary concepts and biological characteristics What’s my name? • On your paper, write down the name of this organism Puma concolor (Genus species) • Puma Cougar Or More Correctly: Nittany Lion • Mountain Lion Catamount Classify: Dichotomous Key A B C D Levels of Classification Kingdom Kung fu Phylum Peace out Class Can-can Order Ollie Family First Genus Go for it Species Safe!
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