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MONERANS (bacteria) Notes Bacteria are ancient fossil bacteria have been found dating back 3.5 billion years Bacteria = been around for 76% of earth’s history People = been around for 0.004% of earth’s history How long is 1 million years? Ex. You must spend $1,000/day How long will it take you to spend . . . $1,000? $1,000,000? $1,000,000,000 1 day 2.74 years 2,740 years Bacteria are Everywhere!! In water volcanic vents at the bottom of the sea in the air on your skin in the soil (Actinomycetes gives soil it’s smell) How many bacteria are there? There are more bacteria in your mouth than all the people that have ever lived! Bacteria may outweigh trees in total biomass -- How possible? They are found deep in the soil, on the highest mountains and in the deepest oceans Characteristics of Bacteria Shapes- round, rod-shaped, spiral, many others Colors - red,yellow,blue,tan,orange, violet and others Appearance - colonies of bacteria will appear as slick, wet looking circles of colored growth Structure of bacteria Bacteria have no nucleus The hereditary material, RNA, floats freely in the cytoplasm Some bacteria have flagella In addition to a cell membrane and a cell wall bacteria have a capsule that protects them Basic Bacteria Structure Flagella Capsule Cell Wall Cell Membrane Hereditary Material Cytoplasm Life functions of bacteria Aerobic - use oxygen (most common today) Anaerobic - does not need oxygen Magnetotitic - use the Earth’s magnetic field to stay buried in the mud heterotrophic - parasites, decomposers autotrophic - photosynthesis, chemosynthesis How tough are bacteria? When conditions for growth deteriorate bacteria can form an endospore. This tough coating can protect them for a long time. Example: Dr. Cano at Cal Poly has removed 20 million year old bacteria from fossilized amber, put it in optimal growth conditions and watched as it came back to life and started growing! Why are bacteria so important? They are the world’s ultimate recyclers As decomposers bacteria breakdown dead organisms returning the molecules from the organisms to the soil so the cycle of life can continue Bacteria: the + and the the positives decomposers added first oxygen to atmosphere start soil production make vitamins make foods make antibiotics base of food chain the negatives spoil food(fridge slows down growth) cause disease tooth decay damage roads Bacteria Lab Differential staining Different types of bacteria have cell walls that are structurally different In this lab, we will see how we can use this fact to help determine different types of unkown bacteria