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Detector R&D
and
Cancer Care
Barbara Camanzi
Outline
 Why cancer
 Detector R&D projects for cancer care:
imaging and dosimetry
 The Futures Programme and the STFC
Cancer Care Strategy
 Summary
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
2/18
The challenge of cancer in UK
 Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in
people under the age of 75. 1 in 4 people
die of cancer overall
 293k people/year diagnosed with cancer,
155k people/year die from cancer
 Incidence of cancer is rising due to:
1.
2.
3.
Population ageing
Rise in obesity levels
Change in lifestyle
 Cancer 3rd largest NHS disease programme
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
3/18
Detector R&D projects
for cancer care
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
4/18
The technological challenges
 The challenge of radiotherapy from the
patient end
Make sure that the right dose is delivered at
the right place = improved dosimetry +
improved imaging
 The challenge of early diagnosis
“See” smaller tumours = improved imaging
 New advanced technologies desperately
needed for dosimetry and imaging
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
5/18
The imaging challenge
 The requirements for new imaging systems:
More accurate, more quantitative and highly
repeatable imaging
2. Imaging during treatment: organ movement
(breathing), patient set-up, tumour shrinkage
3. Image smaller lesions (early diagnosis)
4. Treatment specific requirements (for ex. Bragg
position in proton/light ion therapy)
1.
 The answer: higher spatial resolution,
higher linearity, lower noise, less drift, faster
imaging
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
6/18
Positron Emission Tomography

18F
labelled glucose given to patients:
e+ annihilates in two back-to-back
511 keV g seen by a ring of detectors
 Conventional PET: straight line-ofresponse, annihilation point
calculated probabilistically
511 keV g
511 keV g
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
7/18
Time-Of-Flight PET (TOF-PET)
 TOF-PET scanner:
1. Time difference between signals from two crystals measured
2. Annihilation point along line-of-response directly calculated
time-of-flight
envelope
D1
line of
response
D2
 Goal: 100 ps timing resolution (ideally 30 ps and below) = 3 cm
spatial resolution (ideally sub-cm)
 Advantages: higher sensitivity and specificity, improved S/N
 Technology needed: fast scintillating materials and fast photon
detectors
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
8/18
The TOF-PET project
 Development of a TOF-PET imaging system:
1. Fast scintillating materials (LYSO and LaBr3)
2. SiPMs
 Seed funding from NEAT (NIHR) and CLIK for
feasibility study. Ended: 03/10
 Currently:
1. FP7 funding (ENVISION project) through Oxford: one
post-doc, Dr Mahfuza Ahmed
2. 2 PhD students: Paola Avella (Surrey) and Ed Leming
(Sussex)
3. No money for equipment, computer licences, etc.
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
9/18
The dosimetry challenge
 The requirements for new dosimeters:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Measure dose at tumour site and not at skin
Measure total dose (including during imaging
procedures)
Measure in real-time and not long time after
treatment
System easy to use
 The answer: in-vivo dosimetry
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
10/18
The in-vivo dosimetry project
 Development of an in-vivo dosimetry system:
1.
2.
3.
4.
RadFET dose sensors
RFID wireless communication system
Powering system
Associated electronics (ASIC)
 CFI funding for ASIC design. End: 04/11
 Scientific coordinator of large consortium
(~15 partners). Looking at FP7 funding
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
11/18
The Futures Programme
and
the STFC Cancer Care Strategy
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
12/18
The Futures Programme
 Created in January 2009
 Goal: to increase STFC impact in meeting
the four global challenges (CSR 2007):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Energy
Environment
Healthcare
Security
 Creates opportunities = Identify unmet
needs + Match them to in-house skills and
expertise and technologies
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
13/18
What Futures does and doesn’t do
 Futures does:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Provide strategic advice to STFC
Initiate projects and programmes
Increase STFC contribution to RCUK crosscouncil programmes
Build strategic partnerships
 Futures doesn’t:
1.
2.
3.
Barbara Camanzi
Bring only external income
Provide short-term solutions
Try to be perfectly symmetrical across the
four global challenges
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
14/18
The Futures Team




Catherine Ewart, Head of the Team
Nicholas Harrison, Energy
Kevin Smith, Environment
Gareth Derbyshire, Healthcare
Barbara Camanzi, Cancer Care
 Bryan Edwards, Security
 Geoff McBride, Horizon Scanning
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
15/18
The opportunity
“By 2012 our cancer services can and should
become not only among the best in Europe
but among the best in the world.”
“Everyone with a commitment to delivering
world class cancer services should have a
role in helping deliver this strategy.”
From “Cancer Reform Strategy“, Department of Health
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/dh_081006
STFC has in-house skills, expertise and
technologies to be one of these everyone!
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
16/18
The STFC Cancer Care Strategy
 Who will input to the STFC strategy:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Clinical world: oncologists, medical physicists..
STFC staff
University groups
Industry
 Alliances with strategic partners: MRC,
CRUK, etc.
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
17/18
Summary
 One detector R&D imaging project underway:
TOF-PET. Enough people working on it; but
lack of money for equipment.
 One detector R&D dosimetry project at the
proposal stage.
 Joined the Futures Team as of 01/09/10: to
lead the development of STFC Cancer Care
Strategy.
 The Futures Programme is wider than cancer
care.
Barbara Camanzi
NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10
18/18