Download Higher Per Capita Spending in the U.S. does not Translate into

State of Cancer Report 2008: Relay For
Life
Mark Clanton,MD, MPH
Chief Medical Officer
High Plains Division
American Cancer Society
Trends in Actual Number of Cancer Deaths and
Age-adjusted Cancer Death Rates, 1970-2005
220
Number of deaths
215
210
500,000
205
400,000
200
195
190
Death rate
300,000
185
200,000
180
100,000
175
170
0
165
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Year of death
1995
2000
2005
Rate per 100,000
Number of cancer deaths
600,000
Total Number of Cancer Deaths Avoided from 1991 to
2004 in men and 1992 to 2004 in Women
Men
360000
340000
340000
408,400
Cancer deaths
300000
160000
160000
0
0
Year of death
Year of death
The blue line represents the actual cancer deaths recorded in each year and the red line represents the
expected number of cancer deaths if cancer mortality rates had remained the same since 1991/1992.
2004
180000
2000
180000
1995
200000
1990
200000
1985
220000
2004
220000
2000
240000
1995
240000
1990
260000
1985
260000
1980
280000
1975
280000
136,100
Cancer deaths
1980
300000
320000
1975
320000
Number of deaths
Women
360000
Breast and Colon Cancer
Access to Care and Health Insurance
Trends in Female Breast Cancer Death
Rates
by Race and Ethnicity, US, 1975-2004
45
40
African Americans
Rate per 100,000
35
30
Whites
25
Hispanic/Latina
20
American Indian/Alaska Native
15
10
Asian American/Pacific Islander
5
0
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002 2004
Year
American Cancer Society, Surveillance Research, 2007
Adjusted Breast Cancer Survival by Stages and
Insurance Status, among Patients Diagnosed in
1999-2000 and Reported to the NCDB
Mammogram Within the Last Year in Adult
Women, ages 40-64, by Years of Education and
Insurance Status, NHIS 2005
All Races combined
70
60
Insured
50
%
40
Uninsured
30
20
10
0
0-11
12
13-15
16+
Source: National Health Interview Survey 2005, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 2006.
U.S. Colorectal Cancer Mortality 1975-2005
40.0
35.0
25.0
Blalck Male
WhiteMale
20.0
Black Female
White Female
15.0
10.0
5.0
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1987
1985
1983
1981
1979
1977
0.0
1975
Rate per 100,000
30.0
Adjusted Colorectal Cancer Survival by Stages and
Insurance Status, among Patients Diagnosed in
1999-2000 and Reported to the NCDB
Colorectal Cancer Screening*, in Adults, ages 5064, by Years of Education and Insurance Status,
NHIS 2005
All Races combined
70
60
50
Insured
%
40
30
20
Uninsured
10
0
0-11
12
13-15
16+
*Either a fecal occult blood test within the past year or an endoscopy within the past ten years.
Source: National Health Interview Survey 2005, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2006.
How Can We Provide Adequate High
Quality Care (to Include Preventive Care)
to a Population That Has So Often Not
Received It?
Dr. Otis Brawley
Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer, National
Home Office, American Cancer Society
82
80
3500
79
3000
78
2500
77
2000
76
1500
1000
75
500
74
0
Life Expectancy – Per Capita Spending
2006 CIA FACTBOOK
Per Capita Spending in USD
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Average Life Expectancy (years)
Higher Per Capita Spending in the U.S. does not
Translate into Longer Life Expectancy
The Cost of a Long Life
United States
5000
81
4500
4000
Future Science and Pancreatic Cancer
•
Incidence rates of pancreatic cancer have been stable in
men since 1993 and in women
since 1983.
•
An estimated 34,290 deaths are expected to
occur in 2008.
•
At present, there is no method for the
early detection of pancreatic cancer.
Cancer Facts & Figures 2008, American Cancer Society
Nanotechnology Imaging
Quantum Dots
Technology
These tiny quantum dots are
typically made from semiconductor
crystals or cadmium selenide
encased in a zinc sulfide shell as
small as one nanometer (onebillionth of a meter).
These dots can zero in with pinpoint
accuracy on human prostate cancer.
In ultraviolet light, each dot radiates
a brilliant color.
Not in clinical use (exposure to
cadmium can be hazardous), but are
used as markers to tag particles of
interest in the laboratory.
Source:Nature Biotechnology ﾊ22, 969 - 976 (2004) Published online: 18 July 2004; |In vivo cancer
targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dotsXiaohu Gao1, Yuanyuan Cui2, Richard M
Levenson3, Leland W K Chung2 &ﾊShuming Nie1
Emerging Technology and Pancreatic
Cancer
•
Improving the survival rates for pancreatic cancer
require early diagnosis and targeted therapy
•
Nanotechnology may facilitate:
–
Targeted treatment of primary pancreatic cancer
–
Advanced imaging technology critical for near term
improvements in early detection and diagnosis.
Advanced Imaging
•
Imaging Pancreatic Cancer Using Surface-Functionalized Quantum
Dots
•
Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive
molecular imaging
Imaging Pancreatic Cancer Using SurfaceFunctionalized Quantum Dots
•
In this study, CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were used as optical contrast
agent for imaging pancreatic cancer cells in vitro using transferrin and antiClaudin-4 as targeting ligands.
•
Pancreatic cancer specific uptake is also demonstrated using the monoclonal
antibody anti-Claudin-4.
•
This targeted QD platform will be further modified for the purpose of developing
as an early detection imaging tool for pancreatic cancer.PDAC.
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decompress or
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Imaging Panceratic Cancer Using Surface Functionalized Quantum Dots, Jun Qian, Ken-Tye Yong,Indrajit Roy,Tymish Y.
Ohulchanskyy, Earl J. Bergey, Hoon Hi Lee, Kenneth M. Tramposch,Sailing He, Anirban Maitra and Paras N. Prasad. J. Phys.
Chem.B, 111(25), 6969-6972, 2007. 10.1021/jp070620n. Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society. Web release: June 7,2007
Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for
ultra-sensitive molecular imaging
•
Successful development of ultra-sensitive molecular imaging nanoprobes
for the detection of targeted biological objects is a challenging task.
•
Here we used artificial engineering approaches to develop innovative
magnetic nanoprobes
•
These magnetism-engineered iron oxide (MEIO) nanoprobes, when
conjugated with antibodies, showed enhanced magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) sensitivity for the detection of cancer markers compared
with probes currently available.
•
Also, we successfully visualized small tumors implanted in a mouse.
Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging
Jae-Hyun Lee1,4, Yong-Min Huh2,4, Young-wook Jun1, Jung-wook Seo1, Jung-tak Jang1, Ho-Taek Song2,
Sungjun Kim2, Eun-Jin Cho2, Ho-Geun Yoon3, Jin-Suck Suh2 & Jinwoo Cheon1. Nature Medicine 13, 95 - 99
(2006) Published online: 24 December 2006 | doi:10.1038/nm1467
Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for
ultra-sensitive molecular
• Nano particles enhance MRI
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Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging
Jae-Hyun Lee1,4, Yong-Min Huh2,4, Young-wook Jun1, Jung-wook Seo1, Jung-tak Jang1, Ho-Taek Song2, Sungjun
Kim2, Eun-Jin Cho2, Ho-Geun Yoon3, Jin-Suck Suh2 & Jinwoo Cheon1. Nature Medicine 13, 95 - 99 (2006)
Published online: 24 December 2006 | doi:10.1038/nm1467
Nanotechnology based therapy for
Pancreatic Cancer

Non-invasive targeted radiofrequency
cancer therapy
Gold Nanoparticles
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A scanning tunneling microscope image of 5 nm gold
nanoparticles
http://www.chem.utoronto.ca/staff/DHIRANI/index.htm
Non-invasive targeted radiofrequency cancer therapy
•
Our preliminary studies here indicate that GNPs added to the media of human cancer
cells in vitro are taken up and localized in vesicles in the cytoplasm of the cells.
•
Panc-1 and Hep3B cells were utilized for all experiments (American Type Culture
Collection, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
•
The presence of these GNP-laden vesicles has no apparent cytotoxic or antiproliferative effect on the cells.
•
Furthermore, GNPs exposed to an external, non-invasive 13.56 MHz RF field release
significant amounts of heat, in fact often sufficient to raise water temperatures to
the boiling point.
•
Exposing GNP-bearing human cancer cells to this external RF field in vitro produced
dose-dependent lethal injury in > 96% of the cells.
•
Based on these promising results, we have initiated studies to evaluate in vitro
cytotoxicities of GNPs and methods to target the GNPs to tumors in vivo to affect RFinduced thermal destruction of malignant tumors.
Intracellular gold nanoparticles enhance non-invasive radiofrequency thermal destruction of human
gastrointestinal cancer cellsChristopher J Gannon1 , Chitta Ranjan Patra2 , Resham Bhattacharya2 ,
Priyabrata Mukherjee2 and Steven A Curley1, Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2008,
6:2doi:10.1186/1477-3155-6-2The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be
found online at: http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/6/1/2
There is so much more to do!
Go Get’em Relay
For Life!