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Easily Making IT Easy to Use Robert Biddle, James Noble Victoria University of Wellington http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 What is Usability? • Usability: the ease with which a user can learn to operate, prepare inputs for, and interpret outputs of a system or component. (IEEE) • Aspects: learnability, predictability, … • Factors: experience of user, frequency of use Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 How Can We Determine Usability? • Usability Inspection • Cognitive Walkthroughs • Heuristic Inspection • Cognitive Dimensions Framework • Usability Testing • Usability Lab or In-Situ • Think-Aloud or Co-Discovery • Action and Reflection Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 How Can We Design for Usability? • Theories • Affordance Theory, Activity Theory, … • Techniques • Task Analysis, Essential Modelling, … • Processes • User-Centred Design, Goal-Directed Design, Usage-Centred Design, … Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 How does Usability work in the Wireless World? • 1960s: The Lesson of Television • McLuhan: Print is Cold, TV is Hot • 1990s: The Lesson of the Web • Nielsen: TV is Hot, the Web is Cool • 2000+: The Lesson of … CellPhones? PDAs? WebPhones? WAP? GPRS? 802.11? Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Recent Work at Victoria in Human-Computer Interaction • Approach: • Usage-Centred, Object-Oriented, Agile • Technology • Perl, CGI, Tcl/Tk, Java, JSP, WAP, GPRS, 802.11 • Work with Software Engineering • Lightweight Collaborative Tools • Learn from the Humanities • Visual Corpus Analysis • Semiotics of User Interface Design Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Lightweight Collaborative Tools • CASE tools on web pages • Allow simple collaboration • Usable anywhere with web access • Browser independent • Inspirations: Wiki, Hotmail Browser Form Web Server HTML Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Servlets DBMS Lightweight Collaborative Tools: Ukase Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Seek: UML Sequence Diagrams (Rilla Khaled) Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 NutCASE: UML Class Diagrams (Dan MacKay) Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Cliki: Custom Graphic Interaction (Donald Gordon) Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Lessons from Lightweight Collaborative Web Tools • Focus on users and usage • Focus on models and constraints • Domain specific work is easier to understand • Shared state feeds groupware • Less is enough • Less is more Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Excel Spreadsheet Corpus Analysis (Daniel Ballinger) Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Semiotics of UI Design (Pippin Barr) Iconic: Resemblance Indexical: Causality Symbolic Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Work in Progress • • • • Lightweight Wireless Collaboration Wireless Usability Evaluation Visual Interaction Analysis Software Semiotics Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003 Convergence 2003 Wellington – Te Papa, 29 April 2003
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