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Using Your PC, Windows, and the Web Albert Kalim Starting Your Computer: The Boot Process User turns on the power to the PC and monitor. PC’s operating system is then loaded into memory. The appropriate user interface will then be displayed and the computer is ready to use. Using the Windows Operating System Most programs use a graphical user interface (GUI). The most common operating systems for PCs today is Microsoft Windows. Other GUI operating systems are Mac OS and Linux. The Windows Interface Common Windows elements include: Desktop—the user’s basic workspace. Taskbar—includes the Start button, toolbars, and task buttons. Windows—rectangular areas inside which programs, documents, and other content is displayed. Menus—used to issue commands. The Windows Interface, Cont’d. Individual windows can also contain: Icons Menus Toolbars Hyperlinks Dialog boxes A Closer Look at Menus Current command Check marks Dimmed items Arrows Ellipses Keyboard shortcuts A Closer Look at Dialog Boxes Option buttons Check boxes Text boxes Sliders List boxes Command buttons Opening Windows and Starting Programs Click a taskbar toolbar button. Click a desktop icon if it looks like a hyperlink. Double-click a desktop icon if it doesn’t look like a hyperlink. Click the Start button and then select the desired program from the Start menu. In any window that displays documents stored on the PC, double-click a document to open it. Manipulating Windows Active window—the window in which commands will currently be executed. Minimizing, maximizing, and closing windows— use sizing buttons at top right corner of window. Resizing and moving windows—drag window border or title bar. Scroll bars—used to see more information not currently shown in the window. Shutting Down the Computer Standby mode reduces power consumption and wear-and-tear on the PC. To turn off the PC, it should always be shut down through the Start menu. Save and close all open documents and programs. Select the Shut Down option at the bottom of the Start menu. Choose the appropriate option. Using the Internet and World Wide Web The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks connecting millions of computers all over the world. The World Wide Web is the collection of Web pages accessed through the Internet. Computers that host Web pages are called Web servers. A collection of related Web pages is called a Web site. What Is a Browser? A Web browser is a program used to view Web pages. Common browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator MSN Explorer Opera Wireless phones and other small devices use microbrowsers. Accessing the Internet Your PC or other device being used must be connected to a computer (usually owned by your ISP) that is continually connected to the Internet. You can be connected via a direct or always-on connection, or a dial-up connection. Internet service providers (ISPs) function as an onramp to the Internet and typically charge a monthly fee Can also access the Internet at libraries, schools, and other public locations. Internet Addresses An Internet address identifies a resource available through the Internet, such as a person, computer, or Web page. IP addresses (e.g. 207.46.134.222) and domain names (e.g. microsoft.com) identify computers available through the Internet. URLs (e.g. www.course.com) identify a Web page on the Internet. E-mail addresses (e.g. [email protected]) identify a person on the Internet. Surfing the Web First connect to the Internet, if needed, and open your browser. Click hyperlinks or type URLs in the address bar or location bar to view Web pages. Things that you may encounter on a Web page: text and images e-mail hyperlinks form fields frames animation multimedia Using Bookmarks and the History List Visited Web pages are recorded in the browser’s history list. To save Web page URLs on a more permanent basis, use bookmarks or favorites. Searching the Web A search site typically uses a search engine in conjunction with a huge database of information about Web pages to retrieve information. Keyword search: keywords are typed into a search box and then hyperlinks for matching Web pages are displayed. Category search: a series of increasingly specific categories are selected until links for matching Web pages are displayed. E-Mail and Other Types of Online Communications Electronic mail (e-mail) refers to electronic messages exchanged between computers over a network and can be sent to anyone with an Internet e-mail address. E-mail programs, such as Netscape Mail and Microsoft Outlook, are used to send and receive e-mail. Web-based e-mail, such as Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail, can be accessed with just a Web browser. Sending and Receiving E-Mail E-mail can be sent and received over private networks, over the Internet, or over some combination of the two. E-mail hyperlinks on Web pages can be used to start an e-mail message using your e-mail program. To send an e-mail, supply the recipient’s e-mail address, type a subject line and the message, and click the appropriate Send button. Many e-mail programs also enable users to attach files and maintain an address book. Managing E-Mail Sent and received messages are stored in separate folders, and deleted e-mail messages are moved to some type of Trash or Deleted Items folder. Create additional folders to organize the e-mail you would like to keep. Delete unneeded e-mail messages periodically and then empty the Trash folder to free up space on your hard drive. Discussion Groups, Chat, Instant Messaging, and More Discussion groups—participants read and post messages. Chat room—participants chat in real time. Instant messaging—private form of chat between friends and business associates. Videoconferencing—face-to-face meetings via the Internet. Internet telephony—phone calls via the Internet. Netiquette Guidelines for online behavior Societal Implications of Cyberspace Security Privacy Differences in online communications The anonymity factor Information integrity Summary Slide Starting your computer: the boot process Using the Windows operating system Using the Internet and World Wide Web E-mail and other types of online communications Social implications of cyberspace Using Notepad Albert Kalim Accessories Windows programs that assist with everyday computer tasks; for example, Notepad Calculator Phone Dialer WordPad Paint Windows utilities (called System Tools) that help manage your computer resources. Windows programs for telecommunications, fax, and multimedia. Games. Personal Information Managers (PIMs) Desktop accessories that help you manage and coordinate your work. Examples of PIMs are: Notepad Calculator Phone Dialer Notepad Notepad is a simplistic word processing application that you can use to type simple notes, quick reminders, records of phone calls, and daily “to do” list to yourself. It is one of several personal information managers (PIMs) that are installed along with Windows 2000. Use Notepad’s Word Wrap option to automatically wrap text to the next line. You can use the keyboard to quickly move to certain locations in the Notepad document. You can control the way a Notepad document prints by changing the default settings in the Page Setup dialog box. Notepad (continued) The Save as command to save a Notepad document for the first time or to save it with a new name or to a different location. The Save command to periodically save the document. When you open Notepad, the insertion point indicates the place where text will be entered when keyed. Notepad will permit you to record nearly 50,000 characters in a document. When you enter text in Notepad, each character you key appears to the left of the cursor. Applets A diminutive of the word applications; used to describe Windows utility programs such as the Clipboard Viewer. Cursor On screen, the blinking box, blinking vertical line, hand with a pointing finger, or arrowhead that indicates your current position. I-beam Pointer Shape the mouse pointer assumes (that is, the letter I) when the mouse moves into a text-editing area. Insertion Point The location where the next keystrokes will be inserted, clearly marked by the cursor. Text Files Files (also known as data files) containing only letters, digits, and symbols from the ASCII character set. Can be used to create Web pages or programs. Word Wrap Automatic text advance from the end of one line to the next while keying, precluding the need to press Enter (except at the end of a paragraph).