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Bian Chong (Brian), KHO
Supervisor: Linda McIver
Second Reader: Jon McCormack
• Navigation
• Usability
• Good Navigation Design
• Existing Solutions
• Automated Navigation System
• Results
• Future Work
Web Authors
• Design websites with poor navigation and usability
• No site maps and/or breadcrumbs
• Consistency within a site
• Understanding on how users browse a site
Users
• Hard to browse and find information
• Do not know where they are
• Do not know where they have been to
• Do not know where they can go next

A collection of links that allow users to browse
a site easily

Users usually ask themselves the following questions:
• Where I am
• Where I have been
• Where I can go next
 keep the site structure clear

Placement of logos and page headers
must be consistent in a website
 Each page header must be clear and relevant
to the body content
 Disable the link which displays the current web page
• Knowing which web pages are visited
• Understanding the site structure better
• Knowing where they have been:
• Use of “back” button on Internet browsers
• Use of links which visit previous pages
• Provide options for users to decide where to go
• Declare link titles that are relevant to the page
• Avoid web pages with no links
• A measurement on how easy a user can access a site
• Four usability components:
• Learnability
• Memorability
• Error
• Satisfaction
 A website with simple and clear structure is easy to learn
 How easy to access a site is dependent on users’
experience
 Learnability criteria:
• Predictability
• Familiarity
• Generalizability
• Consistency
• Website that is easy to use requires less memorization
• Limitation of human memory controls the number of
events a user can remember
• Ability to recover from error
• Ways to reduce errors made by users:
• Use of breadcrumbs
• Use of site Maps
• Free from error / reduce number of errors made by users
• Understanding of a site structure
• Time spent to load a page
• Amount of information in a page
• Navigation of a site
• Determined by navigation and usability criteria
• Good navigation design criteria:
• Content area
• Links
• Breadcrumbs
• Site maps
Methods
• Frames
WYSIWYG Editors
• Microsoft FrontPage
• Macromedia Dreamweaver
Hand Coding
• Vi / Vim
• Notepad/Wordpad
• Written in Perl
• Retrieves navigation information automatically
from a website.
• Able to edit navigation structure manually.
• Generates breadcrumbs automatically.
• Generates a site map automatically.
• Modifies page layout.
(For Index Page)
Page Header
Navigation Titles
Body Content
(For other pages)
Page Header
Body Content
Sub Headers
• Modify navigation hierarchy
• Add titles into navigation menu
• Edit titles in navigation menu
• Delete titles in navigation menu
• Change title position in navigation menu
• Manage sub headers for each web page
• Modify page headers from each web page
(For Index Page)
Page Header
Breadcrumb
Navigation Menu
Body
Content
(Site Map Page)
Page Header
Sub Headers
Breadcrumb is consistent
with navigation menu
• GUI Platform
- improve program usability
• Able to deal with websites using frames
• Able to change font settings
• Better extraction of navigation information
• Built-in HTML validator