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Presenting Information on WWW using HTML Presenting Information on the Web with HTML How Web sites are organized and implemented A brief introduction to HTML A Closer Look at HTML Document How to use URLs, Anchor Tags, and Document References Tables, Lists, Forms The Architecture of Web Sites Request from brow ser for Web page Web Server http://w w w .w eb4data.com/index.html Server name <html><head>... </html> Web Brow ser HTML document on its w ay to the brow ser w w w .w eb4data.com /index.html <html><head>... </html> HTML document stored in a file Files File Name Introduction to HTML An HTML document consists of lines of text with embedded markup tags that specify Web-page formatting and links to other pages Invented by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN 1989 – The birth of the World Wide Web Introduction to HTML In 1993, students, faculty, and staff of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) developed the first graphical browser – – Mosaic Web browser and Web server Became Netscape Current version is HTML (HTML 4.01 – – http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/ 10 minutes for new commers: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Guide/ A Closer Look at HTML Documents HTML documents are structured using tags, attributes, and nesting – Tag with text: <tagname attr=“value” >text</tagname> – Tag with no text: <tagname attr=“value” /> – <title>BigHit Video Online Reservation System</title> <a href="reservation.html">Enter Video Reservation System</a> <img src="images/bighit.jpg" alt="BigHit Video logo“/> Nested tags: <tag1><tag2></tag2><tag3></tag3></tag1> <table border="0"> <tr> <!-- this is a comment --> <td><img src="images/bighit.jpg" alt="BigHit Video logo"/></td> URLs, Anchor Tags, and Document References http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/ Protocol Host Machine Name URLs, Anchor Tags, and Document References URL (Uniform Resource Locator) – A protocol, a mechanism used to fetch the desired object. – The host machine, the computer that contains the requested object. – In this case: http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). In this case, the host computer is www.w3.org. Special host name for browser computer: localhost The object name. In this case, /TR/REC-html40/. Relative URLs Relative URL contains only object name – Refers to object on the same server as the page with the reference For page URL http://www.web4data.com/dbmgmt/bighit/fig1002.htm l – – Base URL is http://www.web4data.com/dbmgmt/bighit/ Protocol http, host machine www.web4data.com, directory /dbmgmt/bighit/ Relative URLs Relative URL not starting with / – – Refers to object relative to directory containing the page Create full URL by appending relative URL to base URL images/bighit.jpg becomes http://www.web4data.com/dbmgmt/bighit/images/bighit.jpg Relative URL starting with / – – Refers to object relative to home directory of server Create full URL by appending the relative URL to the protocol and host machine /dbmgt/bighit/index.html becomes http://www.web4data.com/dbmgmt/bighit/index.html Fundamentals of HTML HTML, HEAD, Title, Body Headings and paragraphs Add emphasis to your text Use various kinds of lists Add links to other pages Add images Add links to other pages <HTML> and </HTML> • <HTML> The <HTML> tag is the first tag in your document. It tells the Internet browser that it is reading an HTML document (without it, the browser would think it was viewing a text document). </HTML> This is the closing tag for the <HTML> tag. This should be the last line in your HTML document. <HEAD> and </HEAD> <HEAD> Used to contain information such as title, style sheets </HEAD>: This is the closing <HEAD> tag. <TITLE> and </TITLE> <TITLE> and </TITLE> It is used to make the title of the page. The title of the page will appear in the blue bar across the top of your active window Example: <TITLE> Basic HTML </TITLE> – <BODY> and </BODY> <BODY> and </BODY> We put all your text, images, and links between the opening and closing <BODY> tags. Headings and paragraphs There are up to six levels of headers that can be used in your document, H1 through H6. Header 1 is the largest header and they get progressively smaller through header 6. Example <h1>This is a header 1 tag</h1> This is a header 1 tag <h2>This is a header 2 tag</h2> This is a header 2 tag Add emphasis to your text Boldface This is a <b>boldface</b> tag. This is a boldface tag. • Italics This is an <i>italic</i> tag. This is an italic tag. Lists Numbered <ol> <li> list item 1 <li> list item 2 <li> list item 3 </ol> Lists Unumbered: <ul> <li> list item 1 <li> list item 2 <li> list item 3 </ul> Lists Definition lists allow you to indent without necessarily having to use bullets. <dl> <dt> This is a term <dd> This is a definition <dd> And yet another definition <dt> Another term <dd> Another definition </dl> Center You can center text, images, and headings with the center tag: <center>This is a centered sentence</center> The center tag automatically inserts a line break after the closing center tag. File names Use lowercase file names User proper extension: – *.html or *.htm Designing a web site Determine the purpose of the web site Determine the target audience Determine numbers of pages Sketch the site on paper Practice Open TextPad for editor Create a Web page Save as index.html Open IE File -> Open the file Project 1 (parts 4-5-6) Avg = 132 (88%) CS 181 Project 1 (4-5-6) 160 140 120 100 80 60 Series1 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 Lesson plan Tables and Links Practice Presenting Information in HTML Tables Table tags provide the primary method of organizing information on pages – – Table tags create a regular, rectangular layout Table tags present tabular information Table is surrounded by <table> </table> – – Attributes border and bgcolor <table border=“1” bgcolor="lightcyan" > Table tags (continue) Row is surrounded by <tr> </tr> Data cell is surrounded by <td> </td> Table heading is surrounded by <th> </th> Example: <table border="1"> <tr><th>Year</th><th>Sales</th></tr> <tr><td>2000</td><td>$18M</td></tr> <tr><td>2001</td><td>$25M</td></tr> <tr><td>2002</td><td>$36M</td></tr> </table> Tables (continue) Cell spading You can increase the amount of padding for all cells using the cellpadding attribute on the table element <table border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tr><th>Year</th><th>Sales</th></tr> <tr><td>2000</td><td>$18M</td></tr> <tr><td>2001</td><td>$25M</td></tr> <tr><td>2002</td><td>$36M</td></tr> </table> Table cell spading (continue) Table width The value is either the width in pixels or a percentage value representing the percentage of the space available between the left and right margins Example: <table border="1" cellpadding="10" width="80%"> … </table> Table width (continue) Text Alignment within Cells <table border="1" cellpadding="10" width="80%"> <tr align="center"><th>Year</th><th>Sales</th></tr> <tr align="center"><td>2000</td><td>$18M</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td>2001</td><td>$25M</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td>2002</td><td>$36M</td></tr> </table> Empty cells and Cell span Empty cells: <td> </td> Cell span <table border="1" cellpadding="10" width="80%"> <tr align="center"><th rowspan="2">Year</th><thcolspan="3">Sales</th></tr> <tr align="center"><th>North</th><th>South</th><th>Total</th></tr> <tr align="center"><td>2000</td><td>$10M</td><td>$8M</td><td>$18M</td></tr> <tralign="center"><td>2001</td><td>$14M</td><td>$11M</td><td>$25M</td></tr> </table> Cell spans Coloring your tables Use Style sheet Use background color attribute Determine HEX value for color Coloring a table <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#CCCC99">Year</th> <th bgcolor="#CCCC99">Sales</th> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFF66">2000</td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF66">$18M</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFF66">2001</td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF66">$25M</td> </tr> </table> Color Each color is identified by its Red- Green- Blue (RGB) values, three numbers that range from 0 to 255, each of which represents the intensity of the Red, Green, or Blue component of the desired color. We need to represent each color in hexadecimal (0-F) Color Example: Color http://www.cookwood.com/html/colors/backfla pcolors.html Example Linking Linking to another web page: <A HREF = “http://www.cs.uwm.edu”> UWMilwaukee Computer Science Department </A> Practice 1. Open TextPad for editor. 2. Cut and paste (or type) the following code <html> <head> <title> Sample HTML file with table </title> </head> <body> <!– Please insert your HTML code here --> </body> </html> Practice 3. Insert the HTML code so that it: - Display the link to Math and CS department in the center of the page - Then create a table (see picture below)
