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Plagiarism What is Plagiarism? " Most simply, plagiarism is intellectual theft. Any use of another author’s research, ideas, or language without proper attribution may be considered plagiarism." http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/bpg/Advising/Plagiarism.htm Myth • “copying” or “borrowing” • Seriousness of offence disguised Meaning • To steal and pass off (ideas/words of another) as one’s own • To use (another’s production) without crediting the source • To commit literary theft • To present as new and original (an idea or product) from an existing source. Truth • Act of fraud involves: – Stealing someone else’s work – Lying about it afterward Can WORDS and IDEAS be stolen? • YES • The expression of original ideas = intellectual property • Often protected by copyright laws (like inventions) • Almost all forms of expression fall under copyright protection if recorded in some media Various forms of Plagiarism Blatant theft? • submit an assignment done by another as your own. • pay another to write an assignment for you and hand it in as your own work. • copy and paste sections from someone else's work and add it to your work without acknowledging the source Various forms of Plagiarism Accidental “borrowing”? Scenario: – – – – done a lot or reading & made notes later find good idea between your notes can't remember was it your idea or someone else's. If submitted as your own work and it turns out that it was not your idea, – you have committed plagiarism. Avoiding Plagiarism • Changing the words of an original source is NOT sufficient to prevent plagiarism • Citing sources – acknowledge certain material has been borrowed – Provide audience with the information necessary to find that source Citation is important - when using someone else's work Referencing • Any report should make use of other texts • References are used for mainly two reasons: – to indicate the source of the material or – to point to further information to be consulted by the reader • The APA Style (American Psychological Association) APA Style Guides and Quick Reference Examples http://tutor. MGerber/Research_Methodology.html In-Text References (Citation) • The reader must be able to locate specific sources in alphabetical Reference list • The author(s), date and page(s) are given 1. Reference is made to other text: • See The Publication Manual (pp. 168-169) for details 2. Quotation with an introductory phrase: • Larry Bone (1981, p.3) argued that “Qualities of leadership can and should be developed by as many as possible”. 3. Quotation without an introductory phrase: • “Qualities of leadership can and should be developed by as many as possible” (Bone, 1981, p.3). 4. Paraphrase without an introductory phrase: • Although some managers are leaders and some leaders are manager … Reference List (Bibliography) • REFERENCE LIST = Always alphabetical order • Books: – Book by a single author: – Beaton, N. (1983). Labouring locally: Factors affecting the advancement of lower graded workers. London : Lexicon. – Book by two authors: – Beaton, N. & Johnson, J.C. (1983). Labouring locally: Factors affecting the advancement of lower graded workers. (2nd ed.) London : Lexicon. – (Always cite both authors every time the reference is used. E.g.: (Beaton & Johnson, (1983) ) – Book by three to five authors: – Beaton, N., Donalds, K.L. & Johnson, J.C. (1983). Labouring locally: Factors affecting the advancement of lower graded workers. (2nd ed.) London : Lexicon. – (Always cite all authors the first time the reference is used, the next time use first author followed by et al. E.g.: (Beaton, et al., 1994)). Reference List – Periodical (Journal) Articles: – Carey, G., & DiLalla, D.L. (1994). Personality & Psychopathology: Generic perspectives. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103 (1), 31 – 43. – Web site: – Willet, P. (2003, April 24). Victorian women writers project. Retrieved July 21, 2003, from http://www.indianna.edu/-letrs-vwwp/ GENERAL FORMAT - BOOKS Name(s) of author(s), editor(s), compiler(s) or institution Year of publication Title (italics) Edition Place of publication Publisher Author, A.A. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher GENERAL FORMAT - PERIODICAL/JOURNAL ARTICLESName(s) of author(s) of the article Year of publication Title of article Title of journal and volume number (italics) Issue or part number Page number(s) Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, xx(xx),xxx-xxx. Volume number (issue), page numbers GENERAL FORMAT - INTERNET / ONLINE SOURCES Name(s) of author(s) Date/year of publication Title of publication Format of item Date item retrieved Name or site address on the Internet • Web page: Author, A.A. (Year). Title of work. Retrieved month day, year, from URL of web page • Online Periodical: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number, pages Retrieved month day, year, from URL of web page