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chapter: 7 >> Taxes Krugman/Wells CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING ©2009 Worth Publishers Check Your Understanding 7-1 Question 1 Consider the market for butter, shown in the accompanying figure. The government imposes an excise tax of $.30 per pound on butter. 1a) After the $.30 per pound tax, what is the price paid by consumers post-tax? 1. $1.00 2. $0.90 3. $1.30 4. $1.20 1b) After the $.30 per pound tax, what is the price received by producers post-tax? 1. $1.00 2. $0.90 3. $1.30 4. $1.20 1c) How many millions of pounds of butter are sold? 1. 12 2. 10 3. 9 4. 6 1d) How much of the incidence of the tax falls on the consumer? 1. $0.30 2. $0.20 3. $0.10 4. 0 1e) How much of the incidence of the tax falls on the producer? 1. $0.30 2. $0.20 3. $0.10 4. 0 Check Your Understanding 7-1 Questions 2 - 5 2) The demand for economics textbooks is very inelastic, but the supply is somewhat elastic. Consumers will bear most of the burden of an excise tax on textbooks. 1. 2. True False 3) When a substitute for a good is readily available to consumers, but it is difficult for producers to adjust the quantity of the good produced, then the burden of a tax on the good falls more heavily on producers. 1. 2. True False 4) The supply of bottled water is very inelastic, but the demand for it is somewhat elastic. Consumers will bear most of the burden of an excise tax on bottled water. 1. 2. True False 5) Other things equal, consumers would prefer to face a less elastic supply curve for a good or service when an excise tax is imposed. 1. 2. True False Check Your Understanding 7-2 Question 1* Consider the market for butter, shown in the accompanying figure. The government imposes an excise tax of $.30 per pound on butter, raising the price to $1.20. NEW CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1a*) Consider the market for butter, shown in the accompanying figure. The government imposes an excise tax of $.30 per pound on butter, raising the price to $1.20 and decreasing quantity to 9 million pounds. How much revenue does the government receive from the tax? 1. $300,000 2. $2 million 3. $2.7 million 4. $3 million NEW CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1b*) Consider the market for butter, shown in the accompanying figure. The government imposes an excise tax of $.30 per pound on butter, raising the price to $1.20 and decreasing quantity to 9 million pounds. How much deadweight loss is caused by the tax? 1. $50,000 2. $100,000 3. $150,000 4. $300,000 NEW CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING Check Your Understanding 7-2 Question 1 The accompanying table shows five consumers’ willingness to pay for one can of diet soda as well as five producers’ cost of selling one can of diet soda. The government is considering a tax of $0.40 per can of soda. 1a) Without the excise tax, what is the equilibrium price and quantity of soda transacted? 1. $0.70, 1 2. $0.50, 2 3. $0.40, 4 4. $0.30, 5 1b) The excise tax raises the price paid by consumers to $0.60 and lowers the price received by producers post-tax to $0.20. With the tax, what is the quantity of soda transacted? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 4 4. 5 1c) How much consumer surplus is lost as a result of the tax? 1. $1.00 2. $0.70 3. $0.50 4. $0.40 1d) How much producer surplus is lost as a result of the tax? 1. $1.00 2. $0.70 3. $0.50 4. $0.40 1e) How much government revenue does the excise tax create? 1. $1.00 2. $0.80 3. $0.50 4. $0.40 1f) What is the deadweight loss from the imposition of this excise tax? 1. $0.80 2. $0.50 3. $0.40 4. $0.20 Check Your Understanding 7-2 Question 2 2a) You would expect a tax on gasoline to have a ________ deadweight loss. 1. 2. Small Large 2b) You would expect a tax on milk chocolate bars to have a ________ deadweight loss. 1. 2. Small Large Check Your Understanding 7-3 Question 1 Assess each of the following taxes in terms of the benefits principle versus the ability-to-pay principle. Assess each of the following taxes in terms of the benefits principle versus the ability-to-pay principle. 1a) A federal tax of $500 for each new car purchased that finances highway safety programs. 1. 2. 3. 4. Performs well according to both the benefits principle and the ability-to-pay principle. Performs well according to the benefits principle, but not the ability-to-pay principle. Performs well according to the ability-to-pay principle but not the benefits principle. Does not perform well according to either the benefits or ability-to-pay principle. Assess each of the following taxes in terms of the benefits principle versus the ability-to-pay principle. 1b) A local tax of 20% on hotel rooms that finances local government expenditures. 1. 2. 3. 4. Performs well according to both the benefits principle and the ability-to-pay principle. Performs well according to the benefits principle, but not the ability-to-pay principle. Performs well according to the ability-to-pay principle but not the benefits principle. Does not perform well according to either the benefits or ability-to-pay principle. Assess each of the following taxes in terms of the benefits principle versus the ability-to-pay principle. 1c) A local tax of 1% of the assessed value of homes that finances local schools. 1. 2. 3. 4. Performs well according to both the benefits principle and the ability-to-pay principle. Performs well according to the benefits principle, but not the ability-to-pay principle. Performs well according to the ability-to-pay principle but not the benefits principle. Does not perform well according to either the benefits or ability-to-pay principle. Assess each of the following taxes in terms of the benefits principle versus the ability-to-pay principle. 1d) A 1% sales tax on food that pays for government food safety regulation and inspection programs. 1. 2. 3. 4. Performs well according to both the benefits principle and the ability-to-pay principle. Performs well according to the benefits principle, but not the ability-to-pay principle. Performs well according to the ability-to-pay principle but not the benefits principle. Does not perform well according to either the benefits or ability-to-pay principle. Check Your Understanding 7-4 Question 1 An income tax taxes 1% of the first $10,000 of income and 2% on all income above $10,000. An income tax taxes 1% of the first $10,000 of income and 2% on all income above $10,000. 1a) What percentage of their income does a person with $5000 in income pay? 1. 5% 2. 4% 3. 2% 4. 1% An income tax taxes 1% of the first $10,000 of income and 2% on all income above $10,000. 1b) What percentage of their income does a person with $20,000 in income pay? 1. 3% 2. 2% 3. 1.5% 4. 1% An income tax taxes 1% of the first $10,000 of income and 2% on all income above $10,000. 1c) Is this income tax proportional, progressive, or regressive? 1. proportional 2. progressive 3. regressive Check Your Understanding 7-4 Questions 2 and 3 2) When comparing households at different income levels, economists find that consumption spending grows more slowly than income. Assume that when income grows by 50%, from $10,000 to $15,000, consumption grows by 25%, from $8,000 to $10,000. Compare the percent of income paid in taxes by a family with $15,000 in income to that paid by a family with $10,000 in income under a 1% tax on consumption purchases. Is this tax a proportional, progressive, or regressive tax? 1. 2. 3. proportional progressive regressive 3a) Payroll taxes do not affect a person’s incentive to take a job because they are paid by employers. 1. 2. True False 3b) A lump-sum tax is a proportional tax because it is the same amount for each person. 1. 2. True False