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DEMAND AND SUPPLY DEMAND AND SUPPLY Price Elasticity of Supply PES of GoodA = % quantity supplied of good A % in price of good A Tutorial Notes DEMAND AND SUPPLY Price Elasticity of Supply KK Hospital The Concourse The Revenue House What has all these buildings got in common. Their exteriors are of aluminium cladding and glass Shanghai Stock Exchange Woodlands Checkpoint DEMAND AND SUPPLY Price Elasticity of Supply KK Hospital The Concourse The Revenue House FAÇADE OF BUILDINGS WERE DESIGNED AND BUILT BY A COMPANY CALLED PD INC. IN THE 1990S Shanghai Stock Exchange Woodlands Checkpoint DEMAND AND SUPPLY Price Elasticity of Supply PD INC. KK Hospital The Concourse The Revenue House Aluminium Cladding Shanghai Stock Exchange Bricks Woodlands Checkpoint DEMAND AND SUPPLY Scenario Of Rise In Price For Aluminium Cladding 1994 – 1998 : Increase in taste and preference Demand For Aluminum Cladding for cladding (D0 TO D1) causing upward pressure on prices for cladding and glass. 1997 – 1998: As price rises, quantity supplied P S0 moves in tandem along the S0 curve. E1 P1 E0 P0 D1 D0 Q0 Q1 Q2 Q DEMAND AND SUPPLY Price Elasticity of Supply PD INC. Company founded by ex-police officer, Mr. Poh A.T. (not a super scholar just a shrew businessman). Personal nett worth approximately in excess of $60 million, 1997). Company does external portion of buildings.Specialzing in aluminium and glass exteriors. In 1997, it was 1 of 3 companies of its kind in the region. High barriers to entry. Cost of High Technology made it difficult to enter the market. KK Hospital Just before the Asian financial crisis in 1998, inflation was running rampant and shortage of resources prices of cladding and glass to soar. House Thecaused Concourse The to Revenue Unlike brick facades, aluminium and glass required special procedure to make the finished product. Specialized labour was used to contruct aluminium and glass cladding. Unlike brick works, random labour was inappropriate a substitute for cladding works. In 1998, PD took on too many project, about 5 totaling some 200 - 400 million dollars. Its resources was overstretched and unable to obtain additional land, resource , capital and appropriate labour to do the job, PD Inc was sued for breech of contract and to which it was unable to resolve. PD filed for bankruptcy. PD Inc was not able to retool themselves to meet the challenge of rising cost. Shanghai Stock fast enough Woodlands Checkpoint Exchange The prices elasticity of supply of PD Inc was inelastic and that created a host of problems for PD. DEMAND AND SUPPLY Price Elasticity of Supply Determinants of PES Cladding/Glass Vs Brick Facade •Time •Existence of spare capacity P S1 •Availability of stocks • PES<1 inelastic •Factor Mobility •Barriers to Entry •Substitute products/services for its resources Q1: What is the total revenue gained for the S0 P1 P P0 3 A B 2 • PES>1 elastic D1 brick façade firm when prices shift from P0 to P1 Ans: Area 1234 Q2: What is the total revenue gained for the cladding façade firm when prices shift from P0 to P1. Ans: ABCD C D Q0 1 4 Q1 Q Note: when a firm’s supply curve is elastic, it means that the firm’s supplies can easily respond to price changes DEMAND AND SUPPLY Price Elasticity of Supply Recap on what affects PED: THE FACTORS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PED ARE NOT ALL THE SAME FOR PES – DISPEL MISCONCEPTION IMMEDIATELY! - Availability of substitutes, Closeness of substitutes - Size of Budget Spent on Goods (eg. Smoker as oppose to nonsmokers) - Degree of necessity (rice for the poor) - Definition – eg. BMW and QQ to mean all cars but not just luxury cars. - Time – People can adjust their consumption of the good over time (accept either more or less) Assignment 6 Option 1 Option 2 You are one of only 2 supplier of crane to the construction industry in Singapore. The construction industry is proceeding at a feverish pace in the last year (implying that all resources are stretched and excess capacity is nonexistent).With limited supply of land and low mortgage rates, prices of properties are expected to rise further causing a strain on prices of factors of production as well. Under such a scenario, suggest what the PES for your product (cranes) would be like. Use dd/ss diagrams to substantiate your answer. You are MD of a foreign bank in Singapore that specializes in engineering and marketing of sophisticated (and risky) mortgage back financial assets (like the Lehman Bonds of the recent financial crisis). Business has been expanding in the last 3 years and operations have been running at a feverish pace in the run up to the financial crisis of 2008. The PES for risky sophisticated asset is 5. Explain why, during the financial crisis of 2008, as prices of these assets fell, you were struggling to keep the bank from bleeding red ink (a term to mean that the bank is staring at bankruptcy). Use DD and SS diagrams to substantiate your explanation. (note: financial assets are created using very little resources but from the derived values of virtual assets that exist in the digital screens of the financial industry like bonds and currency. Human intellectual capacity is the main resource in this market)