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Integration of LTR12C element and
its expression in human TMOD1 gene
Yi-Deun Jung1, Jae-Won Huh1,2, Dae-Soo Kim3, Hong-Seok Ha1 and Heui-Soo Kim1
1
Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
2 National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
3 Korea Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
http://www.primate.or.kr
Abstract
TMOD1 (Tropomodulins) gene comprises a unique family of capping proteins for actin
filament pointed end capping proteins with a characteristic leucine-rich-repeat at their Cterminus. In mammals, there are 4 Tmod genes with different expression profiles. Among
that, the TMOD1 gene is only expressed in human heart muscle cells and has 9 exons
encoding 360 amino acids at human chromosome 9q22.33. Within the intron 7 of the
TMOD1 gene, several mobile elements including MIR, LINE, AluY and LTR12C are
identified. LTR12C is included in ERV9 family which is low repeated family of human
endogenous retroviral elements. ERV9 has close to 50 members and 4000 solitary LTRs al
least. PCR amplification and sequencing data about LTR12C indicated that hominoids
genome contained the LTR12C elements on those TMOD1 genes. Within the LTR12C
sequences, the AluY was detected in gibbons only. The LTR12C element on TMOD1 gene
was ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues by RT-PCR amplification. Taken
together, we suggest that integration of the mobile genetic elements seem to have
biological roles in human tissues.
Introduction
Materials & Methods
Lipid
Receptor
envelope
binding
proteins
RNase
Human & Primate genomic DNA
8%
Bioinformatics ( in silico analysis TMOD1 gene )
Viral RNA
LTR : long terminal repeat
LINE : long integrated nuclear element
SINE : short integrated nuclear element
HERV : Human endogenous retro-virus
Genomic DNA PCR & Gene cloning
Capsid : core proteins
RT PCR ( Human original & EST form)
PBS
gag
LTR
TSD
pol
env
Sequencing , Alignment
LTR
TSD
gag : coding for matrix and capsid proteins
pol : reverse transcriptase and integrase proteins
env : product viral envelope and transmembrane structures
Results & Discussion
 Sequencing & Alignment data
TMOD1 (Tropododulin1)
Chr 9
q22.33
1
2
7
3
45 6
7
8
9
8
1419 bp
Alu Y
UTR
CDS
L1MC4a
L3
MLT1F1
MIR3
LINE3B
LTR12C
AluJo
AluY
AluSx
(MIR/SINE) (L1/LINE1) (MaLR/LTR) (ERV/LTR) (L1/LINE) (Alu/SINE) (Alu/SINE) (CR1/LINE) (Alu/SINE)
 Alternative splicing transcript
1
2
3
45 6
7
8
9
 HUMAN
7
BE_393102
DA_586363
 Gibbon monkey (H. pileatus)
BM_728482
Alu Y
 RT-PCR (original transcript & EST form)
 Detect LTR12C in primates
M
Hu
Ch
Reference
Go
8
1419 bp
Or
Gi
Jm
Rh
Nm
Cm
M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
M
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1 : adrenal gland, 2 : bone marrow, 3 : adult brain cerebellum, 4 : adult brain whole, 5 : fetal brain, 6 : fetal liver, 7 : heart, 8 : kidney,
9 : liver, 10 : lung, 11 : placenta, 12 : salivary gland, 13 : SK-muscle, 14 : spinal cord, 15 : testis, 16 : prostate, 17 : thymus,
18 : thyroid, 19 : trachea, 20 : uterus
1. Robert S. Fischer and Velia M. Fowler, 2003. Tropomodulins: life at the slow end . TRENDS in Cell Biology .13, No.11 .
2. Gifford R. Tristem M, 2003. The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous retroviruses. Virus Genes. 26(3) : 291-315