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Vocabulary Review Trait: A characteristic (what you look like) Gene: A piece of DNA that controls a trait Allele: Version (type) of a gene Vocabulary Review Genotype: your genes for a trait Phenotype: your trait Dominant: ALWAYS shown (capital letter) Recessive: only shown with another recessive (lowercase lett Vocabulary Review Heterozygous: two different alleles (Bb) Homozygous: two of the same allele (BB, bb) Black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b) in guinea pigs. If a heterozygous guinea pig is crossed with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what percent of the offspring would have the genotype Bb? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 100% Step 1: write which allele is dominant Black (B) is dominant Black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b) in guinea pigs. If a heterozygous is genotype phenotypeguinea pig term crossed with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what percent of the offspring would have the homozygous genotype Bb? BB black A. 0% B. 25% Bb C. 50% D. 100% bb dominant Step 2: draw a genotype/phenotype black heterozygous table brown homozygous recessive Black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b) in guinea pigs. If a heterozygous guinea pig is crossed with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what percent of the offspring would have the genotype Bb? Step 3: find the A. 0% genotype of the genotype phenotype term B. 25% parents! C. 50% BB D. 100% Bb bb black homozygous dominant black heterozygous brown homozygous recessive Bb X bb Black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b) in guinea pigs. If a heterozygous guinea pig is crossed with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what percent of the offspring would have the genotype Bb? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 100% Step 4: set up and solve the Punnett Square Bb X bb Black coats (B) is dominant to brown coats (b): B b b Bb bb b Bb bb BB Bb bb 0/4 or 0% 2/4 or 50% 2/4 or 50% Black: 50% Brown: 50% Black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b) in guinea pigs. If a heterozygous guinea pig is crossed with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what percent of the offspring would have the genotype Bb? A. 0% Step 5: find what B. 25% the question is asking C. 50% BB Bb bb 0/4 or 0% 2/4 or 50% 2/4 or 50% Black: 50% D. 100% Brown: 50% Black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b) in guinea pigs. If a heterozygous guinea pig is crossed with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what percent of the offspring would have the genotype Bb? Step 5: find what the question is B. 25% asking A. 0% C. 50% D. 100% BB Bb bb 0/4 or 0% 2/4 or 50% 2/4 or 50% Black: 50% Brown: 50% Additional EOCT Review Problems In a certain species of dog, round ears (R) are dominant to pointed ears (r). In a cross between a dog with the genotype RR and a dog with the genotype Rr, what are the probable genotypes of the offspring? In a certain species of flower, purple flowers (P) are dominant to pink flowers (p). In a cross between a homozygous purple flower and a pink flower, what will the offspring look like? Pedigrees Pedigrees • Pedigrees: show relationships in families • Men are drawn as: squares • Women are drawn as: circles Pedigrees • Circles or squares that are completely filled in have the disease or trait. • Circles or squares that are half filled are heterozygous (carrier) • Circles or squares that are not filled are homozygous and do NOT have the trait. Phenotype Filled in? Genotype Huntington’ s Disease Carrier NO HD Yes Half No Term pp homozygou s recessive Pp heterozygou s PP homozygou s dominant Parents Kids I 1 2 II 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 III 1 2 3 Think Questions (Bottom of Guided Notes sheet) EXIT TICKET Additional Pedigree Review Problems 1. How many children did individuals 1 and 2 2. 3. girls boys did did individuals individuals 1 1 and and 2 2 4. How many men 5. people arehave in the thepedigree? disease?How What have? are their many women? numbers? Additional Pedigree Review Problems RECAP: What does a pedigree tell us?