Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ch 14
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Figure 14-01 LE 14-2 Removed stamens from purple flower Transferred spermbearing pollen from stamens of white flower to eggbearing carpel of purple flower Parental generation (P) Carpel Stamens Pollinated carpel matured into pod Planted seeds from pod First generation offspring (F1) Examined offspring: all purple flowers LE 14-2a Removed stamens from purple flower Transferred spermbearing pollen from stamens of white flower to eggbearing carpel of purple flower Parental generation (P) Carpel Stamens Pollinated carpel matured into pod Planted seeds from pod LE 14-2b First generation offspring (F1) Examined offspring: all purple flowers LE 14-3 P Generation (true-breeding parents) Purple flowers White flowers F1 Generation (hybrids) F2 Generation All plants had purple flowers Table 14-1 LE 14-4 Allele for purple flowers Locus for flower-color gene Allele for white flowers Homologous pair of chromosomes LE 14-5_1 P Generation Appearance: Genetic makeup: Gametes: Purple flowers PP White flowers pp P p F1 Generation Appearance: Genetic makeup: Purple flowers Pp LE 14-5_2 P Generation Appearance: Genetic makeup: Purple flowers PP White flowers pp P p Gametes F1 Generation Appearance: Genetic makeup: Purple flowers Pp 1 Gametes: 2 1 P p 2 F1 sperm P p PP Pp Pp pp F2 Generation P F1 eggs p 3 :1 LE 14-6 3 Phenotype Genotype Purple PP (homozygous Purple Pp (heterozygous 1 2 1 Purple Pp (heterozygous White pp (homozygous Ratio 3:1 Ratio 1:2:1 1 LE 14-7 Dominant phenotype, unknown genotype: PP or Pp? Recessive phenotype, known genotype: pp If Pp, then 2 offspring purple and 1 2 offspring white: If PP, then all offspring purple: p 1 p P p p Pp Pp pp pp P Pp Pp P P Pp Pp LE 14-8 P Generation YYRR yyrr Gametes YR yr YyRr F1 Generation Hypothesis of dependent assortment Hypothesis of independent assortment Sperm 1 Sperm 1 2 YR 1 2 yr 1 1 2 2 1 4 Yr 1 4 yR 1 4 yr YR 4 YYRR YYRr YyRR YyRr YYRr YYrr YyRr Yyrr YyRR YyRr yyRR yyRr YyRr Yyrr yyRr yyrr YR YYRR 1 YR Eggs Eggs F2 Generation (predicted offspring) 4 YyRr 1 Yr 4 yr YyRr 3 4 yyrr 1 1 yR 4 4 1 Phenotypic ratio 3:1 yr 4 9 16 3 16 3 16 3 16 Phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1 LE 14-9 Rr Rr Segregation of alleles into eggs Segregation of alleles into sperm Sperm 1 R 2 R 1 2 1 r 2 R R R 1 r 1 4 4 Eggs r r 1 2 R r 1 4 r 1 4 LE 14-10 P Generation Red CRCR White CWCW CR Gametes CW Pink CRCW F1 Generation Gametes 1 1 F2 Generation 2 CR 2 CR 1 2 1 CW Sperm 2 CW Eggs 1 1 2 2 CR CRCR CRCW CRCW CWCW CW LE 14-10a P Generation White CWCW Red CRCR Gametes CR CW LE 14-10b Pink CRCW F1 Generation Gametes 1 2 CR 1 2 CW LE 14-10c 1 F2 Generation 2 CR 1 2 CW Eggs 1 1 2 2 CR CRCR CRCW CRCW CWCW CW Sperm Table 14-2 LE 14-11 BbCc BbCc Sperm 1 1 1 1 1 4 BC 1 4 bC 1 4 1 Bc 4 bc 4 BC BBCC BbCC BBCc BbCc 4 bC BbCC bbCC BbCc bbCc 4 Bc BBCc BbCc BBcc Bbcc 4 bc BbCc bbCc Bbcc bbcc 9 16 3 16 4 16 LE 14-12 AaBbCc aabbcc 20/64 Fraction of progeny 15/64 6/64 1/64 Aabbcc AaBbCc AaBbcc AaBbCc AABbCc AABBCc AABBCC Figure 14-13 LE 14-14a Ww ww ww Ww ww ww Ww WW or Ww Ww Ww ww Dominant trait (widow’s peak) Second generation (parents plus aunts and uncles) Third generation (two sisters) ww Widow’s peak First generation (grandparents) No widow’s peak LE 14-14b First generation (grandparents) Second generation (parents plus aunts and uncles) Ff FF or Ff ff Third generation (two sisters) Attached earlobe Recessive trait (attached earlobe) Ff ff ff Ff Ff ff FF or Ff Ff ff Free earlobe Figure 14-15 Figure 14-16 LE 14-17a Amniocentesis Amniotic fluid withdrawn Fetus A sample of amniotic fluid can be taken starting at the 14th to 16th week of pregnancy. Centrifugation Placenta Uterus Cervix Fluid Fetal cells Biochemical tests can be performed immediately on the amniotic fluid or later on the cultured cells. Fetal cells must be cultured for several weeks to obtain sufficient numbers for karyotyping. Biochemical tests Several weeks Karyotyping LE 14-17b Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) A sample of chorionic villus tissue can be taken as early as the 8th to 10th week of pregnancy. Fetus Suction tube inserted through cervix Placenta Chorionic villi Fetal cells Biochemical tests Several hours Karyotyping Karyotyping and biochemical tests can be performed on the fetal cells immediately, providing results within a day or so. LE 14-UN273 George Sandra Tom Arlene Sam Wilma Ann Michael Carla Daniel Alan Tina Christopher
Related documents