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Vocabulary Review Chapter 14 & 15 Mendel’s true breeding generation P or parental generation Alternative forms of a gene alleles Genetic makeup of an organism genotype Type of inheritance in which hybrids are a mixture of parental phenotypes Incomplete dominance Type of inheritance where both alleles are expressed in distinguishable ways Codominance Type of inheritance where three or more genes affect the phenotype polygenic Genes that tend to be inherited together Linked When members of homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis Nondisjunction Organisms that are normal but transmit recessive alleles to offspring Carrier Pairs of alleles segregate independently during meiosis Law of Independent Assortment Organism’s observable traits or their appearance Phenotype Probability that an offspring will be heterozygous if parents are both heterozygous 50% When both alleles are the same for a trait it is called this Homozygous AABBCC X aabbcc Probability these parents would produce AaBbCc 1 or 100% AABbCc x AaBbCc probability these parents would produce AAbbCC 1/32 If two alleles at a locus differ, the dominant allele will determine the organism’s phenotype Law of Dominant & Recessive Heredity Cross determined by two traits Dihybrid Cross Sutton, Boveri and others were responsible for this theory Chromosome Theory of Inheritance A gene located on a sex chromosome Sex-linked gene Inactivated X chromosome in a cell is called a Barr Body When genes are exchanged during meiosis it is called this Crossing-over Plants can have multiple sets of chromosomes; a state called this Polyploidy When a gene is moved and joins a nonhomologous chromosome it is called this Translocation An abnormal number of chromosomes is called this Aneuploidy Aneuploidy where there is one extra chromosome in a karyotype Trisomy Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome What were caused in fruit flies in Thomas Hunt Morgan’s lab Mutations Difference in phenotype based on whether the allele is inherited from the mother or father Genomic Imprinting When a chromosomal fragment is lost it is called this Deletion An aneuploid situation in which the organism has only one copy of a gene Monosomy Probability that a heterozygous to heterozygous dihybrid cross will produce both dominant traits 9/16 Chart showing members of a family showing which members show a particular trait Pedigree Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM Definition TERM
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