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Probability and Heredity What is the difference between phenotype and genotype? What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous? Phenotypes and Genotypes Phenotype: • Organism’s physical traits – Ex: brown eyes, blue eyes, straight hair, curly hair Genotype: • Organism’s genetic makeup; allele combination – Ex: Ss, AA, bb Homozygous and Heterozygous Homozygous: • Two identical alleles for a trait – Ex: BB – homozygous dominant bb – homozygous recessive Heterozygous: • Two different alleles for a trait – Ex: Bb, Ss, Aa, Tt Phenotypes and Genotypes Guinea Pig Example: Phenotype and Genotype Genotype: BB Phenotype: black fur Genotype: Bb Phenotype: black fur Black fur: B White fur: b Genotype: bb Phenotype: white fur Use a Punnett Square to find the probabilities of each genotype & phenotype Mother: Bb Genotype: Phenotype: Brown eyes = B Blue eyes = b Mother: Bb Mother: Bb Father: BB BB _____ Bb _____ bb _____ Brown eyes _____ Blue eyes _____ Father: bb Father: Bb Codominance Codominance: • Alleles are neither dominant or recessive – Both alleles are expressed – Ex: feather color in chickens • FB: black feathers • FW: white feathers • FBFW: black and white
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