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FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE Multiple immunofluorescence labelling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue David Robertson, Kay Savage, Jorge S Reis-Filho and Clare M Isacke* Address: Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK PUBLISHED 2008 DUCTULES BREAST OF A PREGNANT MAMMAL MILK PRODUCTION LOBULE DUCTULE DUCT MILK SECRETION DUCTULE NUCLEUS OF SECRETORY CELL NUCLEUS OF MYOEPITHELIAL CELL SEM OF BREAST ALVEOLUS (OR ACINUS) MYOEPITHIAL CELL SECRETORY CELL FROM OUTSIDE ALVEOLUS FROM INSIDE ALVEOLUS BREAST SECRETORY CELL LIPID DROPLETS BEING SECRETED FROM THE SECRETORY CELLS OF BREAST DUCTULE EPITHELIUM LIPID DROPLET BEING EXTRUDED (IT IS COVERED IN PLASMA MEMBRANE) SECRETORY CELL MICROVILLI THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AROUND THE SECRETED FAT DROPLETS PREVENTS THEM FROM FLORMING CLUMPS IN THE MILK BUTTER CHURN BUTTER FOR COMBINED IMAGE OF MULTIPLE FLUORESCENT ANTIBODIES (DIIFERENT COLOURED FLUOROPHORES): PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN WITH DIFFERENT EXCITATION LIGHTS MUST BE TAKEN AND THEN OVERLAPPED (“MERGED”) MYOEPITHELIAL CELL LUMEN OF DUCTULE NUCLEUS OF SECRETORY CELL INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS OF SECRETORY CELLS ANTI- SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN ANTI-GLANDULAR CELL KERATIN DAPI (DNA-STAINING) DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE THIS PARTICULAR CANCER IS DUE TO UNCONTROLLED GROWTH OF THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE MILK DUCTS ANTIBODY AGAINST ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ANTIBODY AGAINST SECRETORY CELL KERATINS NON-CANCEROUS CANCEROUS BUT NOT YET INVASIVE INVASIVE CANCER PEROXISOMES IN LIVER CELLS HeLA CELLS DAPI notice light and darker staining areas in the nucleus (HETEROCHROMATIN / EUCHROMATIN) Anti-ACTIN ANTIBODY BULL SPERM DAPI HeLA CELLS NUCLEUS BLUE; GOLGI BODIES GREEN;MITOCHONDRIA RED RAT URINARY EPITHELIAL CELLS Anti- CYTOCHROME OXIDASE ANTIBODY Anti- ACTIN ANTIBODY DAPI HeLa CELLS Anti - ACTIN Anti - TUBILIN DAPI GREEN FLUORESCING PROTEIN Dr. Osamu Shimomura Aquorea victoria Jelly fish CONTAIN PHOTOORGANS OF A. victoria THAT CONTAIN THE GREEN FLUORESCING PROTEIN Excitation Fluorescence CONTAIN PHOTOORGANS OF A. victoria THAT CONTAIN THE GREEN FLUORESCING PROTEIN Mouse into which GFP gene has been introduced Under reddish light Under blue light THE GREEN FLUORESCING PROTEIN β-PLEATED SHEET BARREL FLUOROPHORE IS SORT STRETCH OF α-HELIX HANGING IN THE INTERIOR OF THE BARREL EXCITATION FLUORESCENCE PEPTIDE LINKER ESTROGEN RECEPTOR GREEN FLUORESCING PROTEIN PROTEIN OF INTEREST FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION GENE FOR THE PROTEIN OF INTEREST NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE SPECIFYING THE PEPTIDE LINKER PLASMID GFP GENE AN EFFICIENT PROMOTER (e.g. the promoter of the galactose operon of E. coli) PLASMID “ORIGIN OF REPLICATION” SEQUENCE (to allow replication of the plasmid in the cell of interest) MUTATIONS OF NORMAL GFP CAN CHANGE THE EMISSION AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA www.invitrogen.com/.../Image-Detail.9498.html Live-cell imaging with Organelle Lights™ Endosomes-RFP and Mito-GFP in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were transduced with Organelle Lights™ Endosomes-RFP and MitoRFP and co-stained with 1 mg/ml Hoechst 33342. Imaging was performed on live cells using a Delta Vision Core microscope and standard DAPI/FITC/TRITC filter sets. HIPPOCAMPAL CELL SPECIFICALLY STAINED WITH GFP-MEMNBRANE RECEPTOR PROTEIN CELLULAR LIGHTS FROM INVITROGEN Live-cell imaging with Organelle Lights™ Endosomes-RFP and Mito-GFP in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were transduced with Organelle Lights™ Endosomes-RFP and MitoRFP and co-stained with 1 mg/ml Hoechst 33342 (nucleus) Imaging was performed on live cells using a Delta Vision Core microscope and standard DAPI/FITC/TRITC filter sets. www.invitrogen.com/.../Image-Detail.9498.html Live-cell imaging with Cellular Lights™ Talin-GFP and Cellular Lights™ Talin-RFP. (A) HeLa cells were transduced with Cellular Lights™ Talin-GFP and Actin-RFP. Imaging was performed on live cells using a DeltaVision® Core microscope and standard FITC/TRITC filter sets. (B) HeLa cells were transduced with Cellular Lights™ Talin-RFP and Organelle Lights™ Mito-GFP and co-stained with 1 µg/mL Hoechst stain for nuclei. Imaging was performed on live cells using a DeltaVision® Core microscope and standard DAPI/FITC/TRITC filter sets. Cells were transduced with Cellular Lights™ Histone Cellular Lights™ MAP4-GFP OUTER NUCLEAR MEMBRANE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE INNER NUCLEAR MEMBRANE NUCLEAR PORE NUCLEAR LAMINAR NUCLEOLUS CHROMOSOME EUCHROMATIN (CHROMOSOME IS THE LEAST COMPACTED HER. GENES CAN BE USED) RIBOSOME NUCLEAR PORE CONTAINING NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX HETEROCHROMATIN (CHROMOSOME VERY COMPACTED HERE) ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM