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Download Which of the following organisms are autotrophs? algae
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Which of the following organisms are autotrophs? algae some bacteria plants some protozoans all of the above The reactions of glycolysis occur in the mitochondria cytoplasm chloroplasts nucleus The coenzyme electron carriers produced in the Krebs cycle are ATP and ADP Pyruvate and acetyl CoA FADH and NADH NAD and NADH Which of the following is NOT a product of fermentation? CO2 O2 Ethanol Lactate What role does oxygen play in oxidative respiration? no role combines with acetyl CoA by-product of oxidation of pyruvate final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain During what stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP synthesized? glycolysis oxidation of pyruvate chemiosmosis Krebs cycle During the electron transport chain, H+ are pumped out of the cell out of the mitochondria into the cell cytoplasm out of the mitochondrial matrix into the outer compartment of the mitochondria out of the cell cytoplasm into the matrix of the mitochondria Chemiosmosis generation of ATP is driven by * phosphate transfer through the membrane * sodium/potassium pump * difference in H+ conc on the two sides of the membrane * osmosis and macromolecules * none of the above Energy is derived from all of the following EXCEPT glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Beta oxidatin The decarboxylation step of oxidizing pyruvate occurs in the cytoplasm Golgi body ribosome mitochondria Light consists of units of energy called… electrons photons protons neutrons pigments Molecules that absorb light are called enzymes electron carriers pigments photosynthesizers absorbers The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those that convert chlorophylls into enzymes convert enzymes into chlorophylls convert water into hydrogen and oxygen convert CO2 into reduced molecules (sugars) only occur in the presence of nitrogen In dark reactions, when CO2 is added to a molecule of RuBP the product is citric acid glucose PGAL PGA Pyruvate Internal chloroplast membranes are organized into flattened sacs called microbodies mitochondria thylakoids vesicles Calvin Bodies Which part of the chloroplasts contains the Calvin cycle enzymes? stroma thylakoids grana envelope cristae A method devised by succulent desert plants to reduce the problem of photorespiration is C3 pathway CAM metabolism Calvin cycle Light reactions Nitrogen fixation During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced? *cyclic photophosphorylation *light reactions involving photosystem I and II *carbon fixation *Krebs cycle *O2 is not produced during photosynthesis Which of the following is mismatched? *Photosystem I – uses the P700 molecule in its photocenter *PGA is a 3 carbon compound *CAM plants – open their stomata during the day and close them at night to avoid photorespiration *C4 plants – expend ATP to concentrate CO2 in bundle sheath cells Which of the following is common to both cellular respiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis? transfer of electrons to glucose chemiosmotic formation of ATP oxygen is one of the byproducts mitochondria are essential organelles must have light Diploid individuals have a chromosome number of N 2N 3N ½N Chromosomes that are paired are called somatic homozygous homologous homoerectus DNA and protein freely floating about in the nucleoplasm is termed chromatids chromosomes chromatin chromatography The site of attachment in chromosomes is called the centrobarometer centrotids centromatin centromere The pinching off of the cell membrane immediately following mitosis is called cytogenetics cytocalimetrics cytokinesis cytoplasmic Tetrads line up on the cell’s equator during what phase of Meiosis? Prophase I Prophase II Metaphase I Metaphase II In which phase does the DNA replicate? G1 S G2 mitosis cytokinesis During the cell cycle, the cell spends most of its time in mitosis cytokinesis interphase cleavage Crossing-over results in genetic recombination by -reducing the original cell’s chromosome number by half -mixing half the maternal chromosomes with half the paternal chromosomes -permitting the exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes During mitotic division chromosomes are pulled apart by kinetochore fibers during what stage? Prophase Anaphase Metaphase Telophase An allele that can be present but unexpressed “masked” is redundant dominant functional recessive The actual letters or alleles of an individual is referred to as its blueprint genotype phenotype allelotype If a single gene has 3 or more alternative forms, they are called heterozygotes multiple alleles epistatic homozygotes When chromosomes fail to separate during prophase and one cell gets and extra one while the other is deprived of one is called. epistasis non-disjunction disjunction autosomy Humans who have lost even one copy of an autosome are called tetrasomics monosomic trisomic supersonic Which of the following represents a test cross? WW x Ww WW x WW WW x ww Ww x Ww Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = Tall and t = short. What would be the phenotype of a plant with the genotype PpTt? purple flowers, tall purple flowers, short white flowers, tall white flowers, short In a typical Mendel experiment on pea-seed color, if the dominant yellow seed-bearing plant was crossed with the recessive green seed-bearing plant, the F2 generation will show what ratio of each kind? 1 yellow: 3 green 1 yellow: 1 green 3 yellow: 1 green seeds with patches of yellow and green none of the above Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall and t = short. Of the 16 possible gamete combinations in the dihybrid cross, how many in a hetero X hetero cross would be the phenotype white, tall? 1 3 9 16 In the F2 generation, the 3:1 phenotypic ratio is really disguised as a _______ genotypic ratio 1:2:1 2:1:1 1:1:2 4:0 In replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted by ribase ligase deoxase helicase Okazaki fragments are used to elongate the leading strand towards the replication fork the lagging strand towards the replication fork the leading strand away from the replication fork the lagging strand away from the replication fork In a molecule of DNA, nucleosomes are connected by telomeres euchromatin linker DNA replication units The bond connecting one nucleotide with the next one along the chain is called a C=C bond Hydrophobic bond Phosphodiester bond Peptide bond _________________ prevent the loss of a part of a DNA molecule by consecutive discontinuous synthesis. Telomeres Centromeres Helicases Ligases With few exceptions, all nuclei of eukaryotic cells contain -genes to specify the portion of the organism in which they are found -all the genetic information needed for growing the whole organism -all of the chromosomes except sex chromosomes which are in sperm and egg -single stranded DNA Which of the following statements are true in the Hershey-Chase experiments? -DNA was labeled with radioactive phosphorus -Protein was labeled with radioactive sulfur -The virus infected bacteria showed radioactive phosphorus -The virus infected bacteria showed radioactive sulfur -a, b, and c are correct The fact that some viruses use DNA to direct their heredity was demonstrated by -inding radioactive sulfur from a bacteriophage in a bacterium -finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacterium in a bacteriophage -finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage in a bacterium -finding radioactive sulfur from a bacterium in a bacteriophage The identification of the transforming principle proved that dead bacteria are as lethal as live ones Streptococcus pneumoniae evolved from Pneumococcus Genetic information is contained in DNA There is no protein in chromosomes Because of its tight packing, ___________________ is not readily accessible to transcription.