Download Cells + DNA

CH 4: CELLS AND DNA
PLANT CELLS
a. cell membrane
b. rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. smooth ER
d. nucleus
e. vesicles
f. ribosome
g. lysosome
h. mitochondrion
i. Golgi bodies
j. cytoplasm
k. Chromatin (DNA)
l. flagellum
A. cell membrane
B. RER
C. SER
D. Nucleus
E. Vesicles
F. Ribosomes
G. N/A
H. Mitochondrion
I. Golgi Bodies
J. Cytoplasm
K. Chromatin
(indistinguishable!)
L. n/a
M. Nucleolus
N. Vacuole
O. Cell wall
p. Chloroplast
Complete the
structure/function table!
Contents
of the
Nucleus
 Nice
animation review of cell structures:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KQbVr
9kFO0&feature=related
DNA
vocab

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Deoxyribonucleic
acid
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Genes
Genome
Nucleotides – label and colorcode
COLOR CODE THE
NITROGENOUS BASES OF THE
NUCLEOTIDES
STRING THE NUCLEOTIDES
TOGETHER
 SHOULD
LOOK A BIT LIKE A STEP
LADDER – ONE SIDE OF THE LADDER
WILL HAVE THE WORDS UPSIDE
DOWN!
DNA Structure

What is the
structure called?
Building blocks of DNA

What are the building blocks of DNA?
 What are the building blocks made of? (3
parts)

How do they fit
together?
 What is the
significance of the
order of the
nitrogenous bases?
Try “replicating” this single
strand of DNA
DNA -->
Chromosomes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8
NHcQesYl8&mode=related&search=
Human set of
Chromosome
s
Fruit fly Chromosomes
- only 8!
-What are chromosomes?
-What do they store?
-How many do we have?
-Where did they come from?
-What is a GENOME?
Genes
Genetics 101 part 1:
What are Genes? (you
tube)
-WHAT are they?
-WHERE are they?
-How many genes do we
have?
-WHY are we storing the
information for
ENZYMES???
Genetic
Material:
DNA vs
RNA compare
and
contrast
.
Enzymes

WHAT are they?
 What do they do?
 Why do our DNA molecules store the
instructions to make them?
Genes code for
Proteins? How
does it work?

What are the
building blocks
of Proteins?
Protein Synthesis
From DNA to Protein - you
tube

Step 1:
Step 2: “Transcription
Transcription


http://henge.bio.miami.edu/mallery/movies/tran
scription.mov
Video on protein synthesis
Try
Transcribing
this piece of
DNA into
mRNA
Step 3:

Why doesn’t
the mRNA just
stay inside the
nucleus?
Step 4:
Translation
The Code:

How do
you follow
the mRNA
code?

Video on Protein
Synthesis (includes
tRNA)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEA
o&mode=related&search=
Try “DECODING” this piece of
DNA Code
DNA
T A C G G A C A G T A A A T T
mRNA A U G C C U G U C A U U U A A
Amino Methi- proline valine
acids onine
isoleuc stop
ine

Where does the
protein go from
here?
 How does it get
there?
Step 5:
Step 6:

What are the
names of the
containers that
come off of the
ER?
 Where do they
go?
Step 7:

What happens here?

Where does it go
from the Golgi
body?
 (this is “kinesis”
the motor protein
that moves
organelles and
vesicles around
the cell on the
microfibres of the
cytoskeleton!)
Step 8:
Step 9: Exiting the Cell

Great video on a
cell’s life functions:

http://www.studiodaily.com/main/searchlist/685
0.html

Here is the
explanation of what is
happening:

http://sparkleberrysprings.com/innerlifeofcell.ht
ml

Protein Production
One Gene = One Protein?

Human genome =
approximately 25,000
genes
 Number of proteins
humans make is
approximately 90,000.
 NOT SURE HOW THIS
CAN BE!
Gene Mutation
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Deletion
Addition
Substitution
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Mutagens
GENE THERAPY!