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Transcript 
Mendel Law Exceptions
Biology Standard 3a
# 1:Codominance
Codominance
• A condition in which both alleles show
up in the phenotype.
• Neither allele is recessive.
Codominance: Piebald
Black-Pastel Ball Python
2) Incomplete Dominance
2) Incomplete Dominance
• Heterozygous offspring are in
b/t the 2 homozygous
phenotypes. Blending!
3) Polygenic Traits
3) Polygenic Traits
• Traits that are controlled by 2 or more
genes.
• Ex: skin/eye color in humans
controlled by > 4 genes.
• Creates wide range of trait
4) Crossing Over
4) Crossing Over
• Pieces of gene on homologous
chromosomes can get swapped during
meiosis.
• Creates new combos of alleles (differing
mom/dad)
Multiple Alleles
• Some genes have more than 2
alleles.
• Ex: Blood type: A, B, AB, O
• But, you still will only get 2 copies
of the allele, from mom and dad!
Tie into Protein Synthesis
• Traits that show up in phenotype
came from DNA exon originally.
• DNA  mRNA  protein (trait)
Gene Linkage
• Genes for traits can
be inherited together
 linked.
• Each chromosome is
actually a group of
linked genes.
• Ex: red eyes and
mini wings on the
fruit fly….found on
same chromosome.
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